Su-35

The first Su-35s delivered to GSI

 
On May 28 head sample of a new multipurpose fighter Su-35s, built Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association Sukhoi company under contract with the Ministry of Defense of Russia arrived in the State Flight Test Center in the Ministry of Defence Akhtubinsk. The flight from Komsomolsk-na-Amur in Akhtubinsk completed test pilot Colonel Alexei glycyl Pestrikov.In the first instance Akhtubinsk Su-35s will soon begin to fly on the program state joint tests.
Contract for the development and delivery of the Russian Air Force 48 Su-35s in the period before 2015 was signed between the company Sukhoi and the Russian Defense Ministry on MAKS-2009 in August 2009, the assembly of head of this series aircraft (Su-35s-1) ended on KnAAPO this spring. The first flight on it with a factory airfield completed on May 3 test-pilot of Sukhoi Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation Sergey Bogdan. It was he who on Feb. 19, 2008 flew the first flight model of Su-35 (№ 901), and on 2 October of that year - and the second prototype of the machine, the Su-35-2 (№ 902). Incidentally, on 26 May this year by presidential decree Sergey Bogdanov was awarded the title Hero of Russia.
As reported after the first flight of Su-35s-1 press-service of Sukhoi, at that time successfully completed the preliminary testing of the Su-35, during which were fully confirmed by the established technical requirements of stability and controllability characteristics, parameters of the power plant and the main characteristics The onboard equipment. These tests were conducted on two prototypes of the export version of the aircraft. Now they were joined and the first machine for a Russian customer.
Routine tests of Su-35s-1 at the airport KnAAPO, comprising seven flights were successfully completed by mid-May, after which the aircraft began to prepare for the transfer of the Defense Ministry of Russia for participation in the program of GSI. In this case, the plane was colored in blue-gray camouflage and got side number 01 with the inscription "Russian Air Force." In the long journey to Akhtubinsk Colonel Pestrikov started in Komsomolsk-on-Amur on 27 May. A stopover for refueling and rest was held in Chelyabinsk. The next day, May 28, the car arrived at the airfield of glycerol.
Here, the plane would be subject to state joint tests, the results of the first phase of which will be obtained preliminary report on compliance with the essential requirements of the customer and the possibility of mass production for delivery at the front of the Russian Air Force. It is expected that the ICG will be attended by a few Su-35s, currently collected on KnAAPO.
According to official reports of Sukhoi, the most important features of the Su-35 is qualitatively different from other aircraft Su-27 are entirely new set of avionics equipment based on digital information management systems and advanced radar Irbis with phased lattice design NIIP them.VV Tikhomirov, which has a unique range of air targets detection and an increased number of simultaneously tracked and engaged targets (support for 30 and eight attack air targets, accompanied by four and two attack ground targets). The fighter used a new more powerful engines, such as "117S" development "Saturn" with thrust vector control. Su-35 will be equipped with a wide nomenclature of modern and future weapons of all classes.

www.take-off.ru

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"With regard to the" new "Su-35: the designation Su-35BM is now not in use, simply say the Su-35, but do not confuse these trucks with the" old "Su-35. For the first time the designation Su-35 aircraft was given the type of" 10M " for promotional purposes in ~ 1992. "New" designation appeared in ~ 2000 but it was already another plane. A designation T-10BM never existed "- PPV

".... Simply the Su-35. Designations type T10 ** for them are not used, because 901 = Su-35-1, 902 = Su-35-2, 904 = Su-35-4. Very briefly, in early development, to distinguish it from the previous Su-35 (T10M) was held as the Su-35BM, but then again became just the Su-35. The reason is probably in the initial export-oriented machine. Then, when it became clear that it would be and "our" Alternatively, come up with a letter to distinguish it from the export version: Remember also official releases on the Sukhoi MAKS in signing a state contract for 48 cars? " - AF

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Statement by the Press-service of the Sukhoi company in connection with the accident the third flight model Su-35 fighter

April 26 at the airport "Dzemgi" in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, with high-speed taxiing and jogging as a result of exit from the runway accident occurred the third flight model Su-35 fighter. Test pilot Yevgeny Frolov first class nominally ejected and was injured. Established a commission to investigate the causes of the accident. The third sample of the Su-35 was planned to connect the addition to the already on trial two samples, which have so far committed more than a hundred flights. Given the successful testing of two flight models available, the timing of the program Su-35 will remain unchanged.

www.sukhoi.org

From informal:

"It was carried neskorostnaya taxiing. Engines pilot led to the afterburner, throw turns back they refused. Sequence happens next: fire hydrants, emergency braking, brake parachute brake failure due to overheating, leave the runway, the bailout. The plane formed racks and it burst into flames, there was no explosion. Burning it stopped 30 meters from the booth Vohra. guard was taken to the ambulance in a state of shock from fright. The pilot escaped with a blow priests ... "
"Many believe that the plane was very" raw. "Guide in a hurry for the next show. And here's the result ..."

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Interview with CEO

NIIP them. VV Yuri Tikhomirov White

magazine "Flight" № 11, 2008

Yuri Ivanovich, please tell me how to go testing with phased array radar control systems "Irbis-E

The program develops successfully. We continue to fly on a flying laboratory Su-30MK2 with an experienced set of ACS "Irbis-E" with a transmitter power of one kilowatt - summer is almost half a year and have received confirmation of the basic characteristics. Worked out most of the regimes, in particular - multi mode air-to-air missiles, the regime of long-range detection, modes of air-to-surface missile with a low, medium and high resolution. In addition, the kit is made of blocks RCS, including staff for the series "Irbis-E 5-kilowatt transmitter, which laboratory tests - we have them complete in full this year.
In addition, we made two samples of the RCS in a complete set for installation on the prototypes of the Su-35. The first of these, already passed in the laboratory testing of NIIP, and then in the relevant parts KnAAPO installed aboard the second copy of the Su-35. When the scheduled test aircraft will turn to flight testing the radar complex - we'll include it. To ensure the tests Irbis the Su-35 was prepared control and automotive repair station (red) at the workplace, so will soon start to fly on a real plane with the full set of the Irbis. The second set for the next prototype also has manufactured, tested and commissioned in our acceptance. Soon it will also be installed on board. Thus, the program tests the Irbis is in full swing, and by the time the Su-35 ready for serial production of its radar system will be fully realized.

Is it possible to install the Irbis on previously released Su-27 during their upgrade?
This option worked out within the framework of the Su-27SM2. In fact, this is a complete set of RCS, which is currently being tested on a flying laboratory with kilowatt transmitter (a transmitter to apply the power of 5 kW on the previously released the Su-27 does not allow the power plane). Therefore, the option "Irbis", which is now flying laboratory - it is almost ready to upgrade kit combatant aircraft. However, apparently because of financial considerations, it was decided to develop a modernization of the Su-27SM, without changing the type of radar, but only building up its capacity - by introducing new modes, allowing the use of new weapons, etc. This aircraft was built and this year entered the flight test. However, keep in mind that the tests may take years, and the residual resource calendar combatant fighters, most "young" of which were issued in the early 90's., Meanwhile, is steadily decreasing. The way out of this situation can only be buying new aircraft - Su-35, once having on board phased-array radar control systems Irbis.Russian Air Force has already come close to such a decision. At the presentation of the Su-35 in LII for the press in July of this year's Air Force Commander Col. Gen. Alexander Zelin said that we are considering the possibility of ordering new aircraft such as Su-35 for rearmament on them two or three regiments of the Russian Air Force. "
 

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"... In 2008, with the creation of 117C engines began flight tests of the new machine, which should be completed in 2010. The 2006 state armaments program for the years 2006-15 provides for the serial production of Su-35BM for the Russian Air Force - it is assumed that The Ministry of Defence will acquire 182 vehicles of this type. In addition, the technology obtained in the development of the Su-35 will be used to upgrade the Su-27 Su-standard 27SM2.
The creation of this plane - a very important step for the Air Force and aircraft industry. Given the fact that mass production of fifth-generation fighter will not begin until 2015, the Su-35BM will "close" to replace the Su-27 first series, whose derivation from the Air Force will begin in the next decade.
For this problem, the Su-35 has a sufficiently high performance characteristics - according to his ability, he exceeds all modern fighter 4 + generation, including such sophisticated machines, like the Super Hornet, Rafale and Typhoon (American, French and obscheevropeets) . He is able to withstand a single batch for today the fifth generation fighter F-22 being much cheaper than this car - about $ 40 million against nearly 300 for one fighter ...
In a forecast can be assumed that in case of start of the Su-35 series in 2011, an order for 182 machines will be completed by 2020. By this time in the Russian Air Force will also be approximately 120-140 Su-27 fighters, held a deep modernization, and the 30-40 fifth-generation fighter. Such amount "dryers", in conjunction with other machines, will allow the Air Force to maintain its military capability in the next 2-3 decades. "

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In the Sukhoi began testing a second flight model of the new Su-35 fighter

 

MOSCOW, October 2. Itar-Tass Evgeny Nikitin. In accordance with the flight test program, today from the airport of Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association. Yuri Gagarin (KnAAPO) flew the second flight model multipurpose fighter Su-35. About this correspondent.ITAR-TASS reported Sukhoi.
"Within an hour, were worked out different modes of operation of power plant, established in the scientific-production association" Saturn ", and an integrated management system - informed source said. - Test the performance of stability and controllability of the aircraft and power plant. Remarks to the engines, systems and equipment there. "
Piloted aircraft distinguished test pilot Sergei Bogdan. Under his administration on February 19 this year, Su-35 was first off the ground. To date committed more than forty flights, confirmed the basic flight characteristics of the machine.
"Connection to test the second aircraft would accelerate the program and to ensure the serial supplies of Su-35 Russian and foreign customers in 2011," - said in a holding Sukhoi.
Receipt of a fighter for the Russian Air Force will contribute to strengthening national defense, and also "allow the company to" dry "to stay competitive to market a fifth generation fighter."
Su-35 is planned to export to South-East Asia, Africa, Middle East and South America.
Su-35 - is deeply modernized maneuverable multipurpose fighter of the "4 + +". In his design used a fifth-generation technology, providing superior foreign counterparts.
Distinctive features of the aircraft are new avionics based on digital information management system, new radar with a phased array antenna, which increases the combat effectiveness of aircraft and new engines with increased thrust and turning thrust vector.

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More than 200 multi-role fighters Su-35 is planned to supply up to 2020, internal and external markets, said on Monday CEO of the company "Sukhoi" Mikhail Pogosyan.
"We plan to produce the Su-35 until 2020 and sold more than 200 aircraft - Pogosyan said at a news conference at the exhibition" Farnborough-2008. According to Pogosyan, an intensive program of flight tests of the Su-35 did not allow him to show in Farnborough. "But I can firmly say that next year we will be showing the aircraft at the international exhibitions" - Pogosyan said.
He noted that the Su-35 is a transition between the fighters of the fourth and fifth generations.According to him, Su-35 has good export potential.

/ INTERFAX.RU /

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TESTING THE NEW RUSSIAN FIGHTER are successful

State Armaments Program to 2015 for the purchase of new types of combat aircraft for Russian Air Force. Among them multipurpose fighter Su-35 to date - the latest model aircraft tactical aircraft. The first flight of the prototype of this machine was held on Feb. 19, 2008 The importance of the program is so high that the next day a pilot car inspected Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev. Su-35, with the creation of which we used the latest technological advances that will be used in the construction of fifth generation fighter aircraft, designed to strengthen the leading position of Russia in the field of combat aircraft systems. They were conquered by the previous models OKB Sukhoi "- fighter jet Su-27 and Su-30MK multi-role. Received wide international recognition as the best fighter of his time, these models on the market today meet the increasing competition from the latest Western developments. Among the proposals submitted under the current international tenders, featured "Super Hornet, Rafale and the Eurofighter.
Progress does not stand still, and won in a competitive environment, the position should be kept in a timely manner offering the market new developments. As a logical extension of the Su-27 and Su-30, a new "dry" incorporates their best qualities and at the same time much larger than their predecessors, in combat capabilities and aerobatic qualities. However, the Su-35 provides a high continuity, allowing the parade to pilots retrained for a new type of fighter with the skills acquired earlier in the aircraft Su-27. On his impressions of the new aircraft "MIC" said Sergei Bogdan - Test Pilot OKB Sukhoi, entrusted with the implementation of operations under the program of flight tests of the Su-35.
 

- How many flights are performed by an experienced prototype Su-35? What parameters are achieved?
- Today in the flight test program carried out 13 flights. Most evaluated the characteristics of stability and controllability of the aircraft and its maneuverability, evaluates the characteristics of the power plant. In addition, the evaluation was conducted of the aircraft. This is important because the Su-35 - a completely new aircraft that is equipped with most modern airborne equipment. The core of an information management system. The first flight was estimated interaction of all the onboard systems, their behavior in real flight. It was important to find out how well the various systems are linked into a single complex.
Estimates of stability and control characteristics were carried out at altitudes of up to eleven thousand feet. Came to the supersonic, reaching a speed corresponding to a Mach number of M-1, 3.

- What positive reveal the first flights?
- Flight tests are successful. Already in the course of the first flights, it became clear that the aircraft has good stability and control characteristics. They are, as expected based on preliminary work on the stands, the comparability of real and poster data is very high.
Pleasantly pleased with the work of the power plant. Su-35 is equipped with engines of Saturn with an increase of 16% craving. Power plant operates a new remote control system of the CDS-D - a new word in this field.
If the basic AL-31F afterburning thrust on was 12.5 tons, but now it has increased to 14.5 tons, which is much to improve the dynamics of dispersal. And run, and the rise of a new aircraft is much more transient. Gain traction there, compared with the baseline Su-27 and Su-30.
The first flight was carried out with support of: along with the Su-35 in the air rose the Su-30MK.This made it possible to compare the characteristics of the aircraft. When I served on the maximum acceleration besforsazhnom mode, pilot aircraft maintenance had to use boost.However, while it sometimes lagged. Of course, there is shown the dependence on the performance pickup power plant and on how the pilot controls the throttle. Nevertheless, the flight was evident that the Su-35 has a large excess thrust and shows great speed boost.
Now there is a detailed analysis of flight operations. For me, the question remains open as a result of extreme flight. It evaluated acceleration capabilities of the Su-35. Noted an interesting feature. Preliminary analysis shows that at medium altitudes, with the engine besforsazhnom mode plane is on a small supersonic continued to accelerate. In the process of dispersal of aircraft left on the Mach number of M-1, 1. However, I have not reached the maximum level flight speed, as released on the border of the allowed zone of supersonic flight and was forced to return to "subsonic".
In the analysis of extreme flight I have an impression that, under certain balances of fuel, at certain altitudes, aircraft flying at "supersonic" in the operation of engines "maksimal. We have yet to accurately determine aircraft weight and altitude-speed range, where possible, "superkreysersky" flight mode (super cruise - flying at supersonic speeds without using afterburner, of all mass-produced fighter jets they have only the MiG-31 and F-22A Raptor. - Note . ed.).
Continuing the conversation about the merits of the Su-35, we should note an increase of almost 20% of the amount of fuel in internal tanks. This is an important step forward compared to the baseline Su-27 and Su-30. As a result, the flight range increase significantly. My guess, based on data from flight tests, range will be up to 4,5 thousand km. Of course, the exact figure is determined by results of flight tests. One more thing you have to look, check carefully evaluated.Most likely, the presence of engine thrust augmentation will allow the car to have a higher cruising ceiling. And due to this range will increase even more. But we still have to test it during testing.

- What kind of foreign fighters is like the Su-35?
- Express the opinion of experts of firm Sukhoi: Su-35 is superior to all the "Mirage", "Gripen", Hornet, Typhoon and Rafale. Of the newly modified aircraft closest competitor - F/A-18E/F "Super Hornet".
- The U.S. Air Force enters fifth-generation fighter F-22A Raptor. Can Su-35 deal with this machine?
- I'll say this: "Raptor" we have successfully confronted. The price for the serial Su-35 should be substantially lower. The ratio of price-quality "our aircraft have traditionally occupied a leading position in the world. The new Su-35 to significantly strengthen. The creation of this aircraft - a very big breakthrough.
- It is believed that the Su-35 - more of a "computer" aircraft. Can I say that when you create it required a greater degree of castings on the stands than the previous models fighter brand "su"?
My answer is this: a computer - is a tool. With it, we, in particular, have high stability and controllability, maneuverability. With the help of powerful calculators aircraft control system can be set so well that at the output we have the highest control on all modes.
My personal opinion - the degree of castings on the stands has increased substantially. The previous aircraft had mechanical elements of the control wiring, so to simulate some things at their creation was somewhat more complicated. Su-35 has a remote control, implemented on all channels. Then, as the saying goes, "the aircraft itself," gave a great opportunity for a deeper bench of detail than previous machines. Here the general approach is: "a plane" everything should be similar to that obtained on the computer. " Due to greater "intelligence side," it was possible to study in great detail many of the issues at the design stage the aircraft and ground tests of its systems. Was confirmed during the flight tests: I have no issues with the behavior of the aircraft in flight was not real.
Starting from their own experience with experts design bureau Sukhoi, I can say that they are very competent, with a decent experience gained while working on previous machines. Especially like to mention members of the Department of aerodynamics and Alexandra Paul Moskaleva Zasovina, as well as veteran company - Yuri Ilyich Shenfinkelya. When we searched and tried different modes on the Su-35, I have always had complete confidence in what do these professionals. Their results are clear: correspondence results from the stands and the real flight was very high. With regard to the range of stands, which simulated a Su-35, they are similar in many respects similar to the Su-30MKI. Especially for the Su-35 in EDO stands were established for testing and refinement of the software kernel aircraft - the information management system.
Compared with other aircraft Su-35 with a good hand "surprises" pilot leaves a pleasant impression. Especially in terms of the management system. If some of the behavior of other aircraft when flying the pilots should be taken into consideration, the Su-35 itself "integrated approach" to all modes at the expense of more powerful artificial intelligence. The aircraft is seen as a very comfortable: the "soft", it's also very obedient, with excellent transient response, dynamic maneuvering.
For example, if the pilot takes the aircraft control stick "to itself" by selecting full speed, instead of "casting" is fast but smooth transition at large angles of pitch, without the "casting". As we know from the theory of control systems, the higher the response time, the greater the overshoot. The Su-35, thanks to a powerful artificial intelligence of its creators to achieve high speed and at the same time an aperiodic output to the specified parameter. This is implemented in the transverse and longitudinal channel.

- What is the Su-35 will provide for the Russian Air Force? Do give it new qualities and capabilities? Cause if its entry into service to change the practice of combat training?
- As new qualities, I say "yes." A new moment - the use of thrust vector control, which significantly increases the safety of flight operations. The plane is not "dumped", controlled almost all speeds. Aircraft down such opportunities do not possess. And do not get them when upgrading. The absence of the thrust vector does not allow the upgraded aircraft system operated at very low speeds as it makes the Su-35. I think that this is an important argument in favor of purchasing new fighters for the Russian Air Force.
Increased thrust-weight ratio improves acceleration. Separation of aircraft on take-off occurs earlier. In addition, due to excellent overclocking performance Su-35 pilot to more easily escape from the enemy or to reduce the distance to it. Add to this increased range, and the fact that the onboard radar detects targets at long range, captures the target at great distances, allowing you to destroy the enemy on distant borders. List of advantages of Su-35 can be extended further.
For pilots, it is important that the new aircraft not only excellent at maneuvering regimes "super maneuverability, but also in relatively simple flight modes, with output at low speeds - 200 km / h or less. Conventional pilot, with the classic understanding of the flight behavior of the Su-35 is surprising, in a pleasant sense of the word "shocking."
I think that in terms of piloting a combatant pilots, in principle, should have no problems when relearning the Su-35. From my own experience I say that when the pilots before flying on MiG-29 and Su-27, begin to pilot the plane of the "4 +", they are very surprised that Su-35 can carry out during maneuvers. The new aircraft was simply an order of magnitude better than the Su-27 - an airplane that has received wide recognition in the world for their superb quality.

- Crews, probably should be more of a "computer scientists"?
- Programming, of course, the pilots did not have to deal with. But from the standpoint of the operator pilots the appropriate skills necessary to develop and improve. I think that this is not new, but still relevant. Any modern person must possess computer literacy and improve constantly.
In the transition from generations of "3" and "4" "4 +" and "5" features multi-role fighters rise to the order: expands the range of weapons, new ways to use guided munitions, the use of targeting systems - on the radar image, using television and laser channels. This is a completely new regimes faced by pilots who previously flew the Su-27. And they must learn, which takes time.Of course, these issues will require increased attention. And it will be more or less serious challenge to the combatant pilots topic that should be seriously addressed.
But from the point of view of safety of flight issues should not arise. Su-35 is done so that it is more "forgiving." He created such that flew and fought in an environment where the "classic" fighter can not keep fighting. Aircraft of the "4 +" and above can work in the widest range of altitudes and speeds.
 

Vladimir KARNOZOV
http://www.vpk-news.ru/article.asp?pr_sign=archive.2008.242.articles.defence_02

 

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Sukhoi has started flight tests of the new Su-35 fighter

Moscow. February 20. Interfax-AVN - The first prototype multi-purpose fighter Su-35 on Tuesday began flight tests at the airport Flight Research Institute named after Gromov in Zhukovsky near Moscow, the press service of Sukhoi.
"In the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association named after Yu. Gagarin (KnAAPO) assembly of two more advanced Su-35. They will join the test program this year," - said in a statement received by Interfax-AVN on Wednesday.
It notes that during the first flight of the Su-35 piloted by distinguished test pilot Sergei Bogdan."The testing program is fully implemented. Observations on the engines, systems and equipment was not" - the report says.
According to the Sukhoi Su-35 - profoundly modernized maneuverable multipurpose fighter of the "4 + +". It uses a fifth-generation technology, providing superior fighter of the same class.
Distinctive features of the aircraft are new avionics based on digital information management system that integrates avionics systems, new radar with a phased array with long-range detection of air targets with an increased number of simultaneously tracked and engaged targets, new engines with increased thrust and rotating vector traction.
"Ceriynoe production and supply fighter jets to Russian and foreign customers are planned for 2010-2011," - said in a statement.
According to the Sukhoi Su-35 is designed to take place between the current Su-30MK different options and promising fifth generation fighter aircraft, the supply of which could start the second half of next decade.
For the first time the Su-35 was shown on the ground in the Russian MAKS-2007.
Su-35 has an improved airframe, which resulted in a significant increase in life of the aircraft - up to 6000 hours or 30 years of service (resource up to the first control of repair and overhaul increased to 1500 hours or 10 years of operation). On aerodynamic configuration it is similar to the Su-27. In contrast to the Su-30MKI on it would not have canards, with all three channels will be realized-by-wire control, without mechanical wiring.
Of the design features of the Su-35 should also note the absence of a traditional for the Su-27 top-brake flap - its functions transferred differentially deflected handlebars direction. With the increase in takeoff and landing weight of the Su-35 reinforced chassis and the front pillar is made two-wheeled. Using technology to reduce radar visibility reduces the reflectivity of the Su-35 X-band radio waves, and sector angles of + / -60 deg.
Su-35 has a fundamentally new set of airborne equipment. It is based on information management system (IMS), designed for functional, logic, information and software to link systems, avionics into a single integrated system and provides interaction between the crew and equipment.
Basis for information-control field cockpit Su-35 is made up of two color multifunctional liquid crystal display, multi-function remote control with integrated display processor, a wide collimator light on the background of a windshield and a remote control and display.
Multifunction Display with built-MFI display processor have a size of 9x12-inch (diagonal - 15 inches) and resolution 1400h1050 pixels.
Management of onboard equipment, systems and weapons in the cockpit of the new Su-35 provides buttons and switches on the handle control of the aircraft and engine power control, as well as push-button bezel multifunction displays. Thus, the plane is realized concept HOTAS.Development of indicators and other avionics systems, Su-35 aircraft provides Ramenskoye Instrument Design Bureau and other business enterprises NPK Technokomplex.
The basis of armament control system of Su-35 is a new radar control system (RCS) with a phased-array "Irbis-E, with unique features for today on the detection range of targets.
RCS Irbis-E can detect and track up to 30 air targets while maintaining a continuous review of space to conduct simultaneous firing of up to eight air targets. The complex provides for detection, selection and support up to four ground targets in several modes of mapping with varying degrees of resolution at a distance of 400 km while retaining control over the airspace.
Air targets with an effective surface scattering (EPR) 3 sq. m on a collision course RCS Irbis-E discovers at a distance of 400 km. As a logical extension of the line locator with a phased array radar control systems "Irbis", thus, has a much higher performance: an extended (more than double) band of operating frequencies, increased from 70 to 120 degrees. zone detection and tracking of air targets in azimuth, significantly (2-2,5-fold) increased range, improved noise immunity, etc. On these indicators "Irbis" is at the level of the latest foreign developments in this area, exceeding the majority of American and Western European radar with passive and active phased array.
In addition to the full range of weapons used by modern Su-30MK, Su-35 is planned to integrate new types of guided weapons air-to-air and air - surface missiles, including long range. Maximum payload mass Su-35 is 8000 kg, it is placed on the 12 points suspension.
 

Characteristics of the Su-35

Maximum takeoff weight 34500 kg

Normal takeoff weight 25,300 kg

Fuel 11500 kg

     in FTB 2 x 2000 liters

Maximum load weight 8000 kg

Maximum speed of 2.25 m (2400 km / h)

            at a low altitude of 1400 km / h

Service ceiling 18000 m

Ferry range 3600 km

                     with two drop tanks 4500 km

Takeoff / landing run 400 - 450 m / 650 - 700 m

Climb at least 280 m / s

Engines, ed. 117S

special mode 2 x 14,500 kg

Fast and the Furious 2 x 14,000 kg

maksimal 2 x 8800 kgs

Length 21.9 m

Span 15.03 m

Height 5.9 m

Resource airframe 6000 hours / 30 years

            Engine 4000 hours

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Prelyubopytnaya article from the site of Saturn:

EY Marchuk:
"A NEW ENGINE FOR BREAKS bound exists
KNOWLEDGE "

On whether Russia was created in the engine 5-th generation depends, firstly, whether the country will be able to ensure its defense in the 21 century, and secondly, will remain a national producers of military aircraft in the world arms market. On the work of "Saturn" on the perspective aircraft engines tells EJ Marchuk, deputy director of the SEC them. AM Cots, doctor of technical sciences.
-Eugene Yuvenalievich whether there was a generally accepted definition (in terms of the most common characteristics) Engine 5-th generation, that it is fundamentally different from the 4 th generation?
- In fact, a clear definition of what the engine is 5-th generation, no. Typically, generation of gas turbine engines are classified by their main characteristics, specific gravity, that is, relative to the weight of the engine thrust. The engine 5-th generation, the figure 0.1, if we take the reciprocal - 10, est1 kg weight of the engine creates 10 kg of thrust. First-generation engines create thrust a little more of their body weight - one kilogram of body weight accounted for no more than fifteen pounds of thrust. Naturally, when talking about the engine 5-th generation is called, and other important specifications - the gas temperature is not lower than 2000 degrees Kelvin, and so on, but it is - a derivative. Importantly - to provide the necessary weight. This is a technical aspect. If you look at the engine 5-th generation from an economic point of view, there is a fundamentally important characteristic is the low life cycle cost. And in the life cycle includes everything - from conception, from the "centerline" as we say, until disposal. This means that its design, debugging and maintenance should be spent as little as possible resources. To solve this problem is possible only by implementing a set of complex design and technical solutions. Low-cost life cycle implies that the price of the engine should be low. Paradoxically, the engine with the best specific characteristics should cost less than the previous generation engine. To make it clearer, give an example: cost of 1 hour of aircraft operation of the fourth generation, for example, the Su-27 - about 10 thousand dollars, and now the task ( and the Americans, and us) the cost of hours of aircraft operation 5 th generation reduced to 1,5 thousand dollars. Can you imagine the difference is almost an order of magnitude.
To complete the picture can be called a couple of engine 5-th generation. Firstly, the engine should have a higher besforsazhnuyu cravings, because one of the main criteria airplane 5 th generation - is cruising supersonic flight, and secondly, he should be invulnerable to air defenses.Well, I would like answered.
- It is obvious that the creation of the product that meets all of these characteristics - is extremely complex in terms of organizational, technical and economic process. In your opinion, how much do companies in the world and, in particular, in Russia have the potential to create the engine 5-th generation.
In fact, even companies and countries. In a world of only five countries can develop a new generation of CCD, starting with the center line "- America, Britain, France, Canada and Russia.But the engine is 5 th generation - is so complex integrated system, which requires the development of many industries, conducting serious research in various directions, that even foreign countries are building this engine in co-operation. For example, the new F119 engine, Americans have
independently, but the next engine - F135 for JSF - already with the involvement of many firms from around the world.
In Russia, I will say without false modesty, a motor 5-th generation can only Saturn, but again, in co-operation. Naturally, we need help - production plants and industrial institutes - CIAM, VIAM. Why is Saturn? Because he is a union of thought and design, and serious production.Most important - the intellectual potential of the company: we are the best people from all over Russia in their company is going, collect and will collect. But still, I repeat - this engine needs to be done together. And my opinion - all the developments of this engine, which is in Russia, we should try to unite, forgetting about the ambitions of individuals. In principle, a program to create the engine for the future of the complex tactical aviation and spelled out that "Saturn" - the head role in the development and manufacture of power plant with broad industry cooperation.
- Does the world results in the creation of the engine 5-th generation?
- The U.S. created the motor F 119, he was on a plane flies.
- It can be called a motor 5 th generation without exaggeration?
- Yes, this engine is 5-th generation, it is very similar, in fact, it is the analogue of the article, which we did in our KB in the late 80's, slightly ahead of the Americans. Then, the topic was suspended. But all of that reserve, we have used for deep modernization of AL-31F engine (mounted on the Su-27 - Ed.) Made izdeliya117S for the Su-35 and got there unique results.We're on two tons of increased engine thrust. And once the plane got a new quality. In particular, the new engines provide almost supersonic cruising flight fighter. This is an export version of the engine and aircraft. For our Air Force will be changed with greater traction.We developed a modernized version of deeply AL-31F engine still serve for fifteen years, but in this scheme, we have squeezed all that is possible. If we do not lay the motor generation 5 +, then a serious future for our aircraft will not happen.
- How big is the gap between what we have done and what is done abroad, particularly in the U.S.? As far Russia lags behind in this area?
- Fell behind by eight years. But not all is lost. Now, the state turned its face to the industry for aviation engines. Big decisions about the beginning of the research and development work on promising engine. allocate funds and three years later we have to make the engine - the demonstrator, the engine is 5-th generation, and not even the fifth, and the generation of 5 +.
- What are the strategies, concepts and phases of the engine 5-th generation of Saturn?
- It is not all you can say - a lot of sensitive information. I will outline the most common issues. In the first phase was carried out deep resource-traction engine upgrade the 4 th generation AL-31F, which introduced elements of the engine 5-th generation. This is what I said above. In parallel, we perform research on a number of critical technologies for the production of separate units, the establishment of demonstration gasifier and the engine. Almost simultaneously, with a slight shift will start development work on promising engine. After completing the demonstration phase of the engine, we turn to the actual establishment of motor-generation 5 +. He has a specific gravity substantially less than 0.1. This engine is not upgrading anything, it is fundamentally new. The level pledged our engine parameters by anyone in the world has not yet been reached. Conceptually, in terms of ideas that drive us absolutely clear. But between the concept of the engine and its actual establishment is a huge amount of development work and a whole range of specialist, resource and certification tests. And this time, and big money.
- From what sources are funded and financed the creation of the engine 5-th generation, is sufficient if its volume?
- Currently working on a promising engine, unfortunately, is not funded. Allocated money to conduct research for three years, they are allocated by government decision, but no contract documents have not yet issued, the real money is still pending. The program's armament includes development work on promising engine. Real money yet, but we hope that since 2007 the funding will go. Funding for this engine - our position - should be the budget.
- And in the U.S. at the expense of public investment was created by the engine 5-th generation - whether private or public?
- Entirely from the budget.
- And what was its size?
- It's billions of dollars. On the program for an engine for the aircraft 5 th generation F-22 was spent five billion.
- Would it be possible to use scientific and technological developments created within the engine 5-th generation, the design of civilian aircraft and industrial engines?
- When creating a new engine, we offer a basic concept of the gas generator, based on which way to model and change the outer loop can be created by high civil motors, drives for gas, energy and marine units. This path brings a decent savings. It is an art - to lay the gas generator.Such a gas generator, based on which you can create a parametric range of engines for different purposes.
- When, in your opinion on the "agenda" in Russia and the world will drive the 6 th generation?
- In general, the history of science and technology have periods of smooth development and have "jumps", and anticipate these races - not so easy, though, I believe that currently accumulates a critical mass of new knowledge, and soon enough, over the next ten years of such "jump" should occur.
- What is included in this "critical mass of new knowledge?
- For example, developed a ceramic, with properties that allow you to make of her blades with fundamentally new properties and the weight and strength, and to share. In addition, conducted research work on the engine without lubrication and rotor with magnetic suspension. That is, as I understand it, the engine 6-th generation to be different and the principles of organizing the working process and materials, because it should be a very important step forward. The traditional scheme of gas turbine engine has exhausted itself. Any technical system evolves as follows: if the ordinate expanded effect on the horizontal axis - a means, it goes exponentially.That is, you invest a little at first, but the effect is large. When the schedule comes to an asymptote, then invest big and little effect on the contrary. Now we are on this asymptote - and we and the Americans. Therefore, something must be fundamentally new. As part of a prospective engine we are confronted with such technologies, which are in contact with something else unknown, the fact that people still do not understand and did not know. The new engine is laid beyond the bounds of existing knowledge. I think in the next 10 years should see something completely new. When I was in school, in college, he thought: "How late I was born - everything is already discovered, discover nothing." And now, the more I work, live, think: "So early was born, still so much unexplored." Cognition - like a ball. The more you know, the more surface contact with the unknown. And in search of innovative solutions, we are equal with the Americans, there is no backlog. We now have some breakthrough ideas. For example, our concept of the pulsating engine - the principle has long been known, but we found a completely original form of its implementation, we managed to catch a fundamentally new physical process, and we're ahead of the Americans. Another thing - are they sensed something and began to invest in this facility, but we here do not give, lighten up and say: "Yeah, okay, but the money you do not get." Now stir - an innovative company at the government creates. Let's see what happens.
- Today, the process of creating a new engine strongly formalized, they say, while "lone genius" was a chance of a breakthrough in these conditions, you are talking about?
- That is the ruin of the Americans. They are much more formalized, and we - "necessity is the mother of invention '- we have something come up. That is, they go ahead, but we need to cut diagonally across, and catch up and overtake, that's all.
- Do you know where to "cut"?
- As for the pulsating engine - yes.
- Eugene Yuvenalievich, it is interesting to create a new generation of engine?
- When I graduated and went to work, I doubt that is the profession I chose. And now I'm totally happy. Engineer - the most interesting profession on earth. A very creative profession. No less creative than the artist, painter and writer.
 

Interview by Vitaly Goroshnikov

.............

Multi-purpose fighter Su-35 is planned to demonstrate at the International Aerospace Show MAKS-2007, a correspondent reported. ARMS-TASS representative of Sukhoi, which is developing the Su-35.
"The proposed show Su-35 in Zhukovsky near Moscow on MAKS-2007 is associated with the implementation of marketing programs to promote this machine to the world market" - said a company representative. 
According to him, while maintaining an aerodynamic shape that is characteristic for aircraft Su-27/30 family, Su-35 represents a qualitatively new car. He installed a new on-board radar (radar), more powerful engines and modern facilities of communication and electronic warfare.
"Building the first prototype Su-35 in the new version now being completed Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association (KnAAPO), which is included in the company of Sukhoi." Under construction, to varying degrees of readiness are a few more aircraft of this type ", - explained representative of the company "Dry". 
Under this plan, flight tests of Su-35 is scheduled to begin in the middle of this year.

The debut of the new Su-35 cockpit

source magazine "Flight"

The focus is on the Sukhoi company at the show in Farnborough, in addition to models and layout Superjet has a functional cockpit layout of the new Su-35 fighter. Basis for information-control field in it are two huge multi-colored LCD type MFI-35, a wide collimator light on the background of the windshield IKSH-1M and three small display - one at the center of the dashboard and two on each side of the cab.

Indicator MFI-35 dimensions of 9x12-inch (diagonal - 15 inches) has a resolution of 1400x1080 pixels. Indicator IKSH-1M, which provides a field of view up to 30 °, can be applied not only to the Su-35, but other new Russian fighters (eg MiG-35). One of the three small indicators in the cockpit of the new Su-35, located near the pilot's left knee, is a multifunction remote control (FPA), pendants, radio systems and other aircraft. Another, located at IKSH-1M, shows the most important sighting and navigation information, and the third (right) is used as a backup for aerobatic display information.

Management of onboard equipment, systems and weapons in the cockpit of the new Su-35 provides buttons and switches on the handle control of the aircraft and engine power control, as well as push-button bezel multifunction displays.

The yield on the test the first prototype Su-35 aircraft experts now expect in 2007 to KnAAPO already underway on the construction of four flight models of the new fighter and an instance for static tests.

(Rumored to being completed groundwork on Su-27M - paralay )

According to a press release of the company Sukhoi, the Su-35 - it's a plane generation "4 + +", which used a large number of fifth-generation technologies. They give a superiority over all other fourth-generation fighter, which are now being developed in the world. In the period 2009-2015.these new technologies will enable the Su-35 dominate the global market compared with other proposed multi-purpose fighter. "

New details about the RCS Irbis for Su-35 fighter

magazine "Flight" 4 / 2006.

.... Recently, "Scientific Research Institute of Instrument them. VV Tikhomirov (NIIP) unveiled a rather detailed information about them developed a new radar control system (RCS) with a phased antenna array (FAS) "snow leopard", intended for use on new versions of fighters Su-27 - first on the Su-35 and modernized Su-27SM2. Last year, the company has designed advertising passport RCS Irbis-E ...

... RCS Irbis, development of which is in NIIP from 2004 under the leadership of Vladimir Zagorodniy based on experience of creating a passive phased array radar with "Bars" and "Wasp" is intended to address as part of an integrated set of avionics samoletanositelya a wide range of targets for detection and tracking of air, ground and sea targets ...

Structurally, RCS ... Irbis-E is a multifunction radar system X-band passive phased array, placed on two-stage hydraulic drive (in azimuth and roll), using the Advanced Computing Systems EKVS-3 with a digital computer "Solo-35. Antenna system based on passive phased array with a diameter of 900 mm with a vertical polarization wave and the switching time of the beam with the electronic management of 0.4 ms scans with electronic beam steering in azimuth and elevation sectors no less than 60 °. In addition, two-stage mechanical elektrogidroprivod dovorachivat antenna in azimuth at an angle of 60 ° and the roll at an angle of 120 °. Because of this, the maximum angle of deflection in azimuth at an electronic control and mechanical complete rotation of the antenna is increased to 120 °....

... RCS Irbis-E can detect and simultaneously track up to 30 air targets while maintaining a continuous review of (maintenance mode on the aisle), to provide simultaneous firing of two targets with two missiles with semi-active CSG and up to eight goals with eight missiles active CSG including up to four targets at ranges of over 300 km.

Detection range of aerial targets RCS of 3 m ² on a collision course with RCS "Irbis-E is not less than 350-400 km, and catch up on the course - at least 150 km (at a height of target 10 km and more). Detecting "sverhmalozametnye" target RCS 0,01 m ² station can at ranges of up to 90 km.Resolution in recognition of the dense multi-target (50 km) is: range - 50-100 m, speed - 5 m / s and angular coordinates -2,5 °....

AF

In 2009, "DRY" WILL EXPORT Su-35 fighters with a new engine "117C" / News /
 

In 2009, the Aviation Holding Company Sukhoi will start to export fighter with a new engine "117C." This was announced today, spokesman for the firm.
"Company" Sukhoi "not only to define in the selection of a propulsion system for a new export-oriented, Su-35 aircraft, but also acted as co-investor program, decided to finance 40% of the total cost of development works engine" - said representative of the "dry". Contract for continued funding of development work on creating an engine "117C" was signed in Moscow at the meeting of the company "Sukhoi" Mikhail Pogosyan, Saturn George Swallow and Ufa Machine-Building Production Association Alexander Artyukhov. All development work the firm partners intend to complete by 2008.
In carrying out R & D on the engine, "117S" practiced technologies that will be used to create the fifth-generation engine for the Defense Ministry, said the company "Dry". Engine "117C" - a deep modernization of the AL-31F has a craving 14.5 m, which is 2 m higher than the base engine.ITAR-TASS.
 

Link: ALREADY create many models of equipment and weapons for fifth-generation aircraft

... The most interesting specimen, brought "techno" in Berlin, could be called ground harmonized set of detailed planning of air operations and training of flight missions. It is designed for automated preparation of plans in combat missions groups aircraft such as Su-24, Su-27, Su-Z0MK, Su-35, MiG-29SMT, Mi-28N and Ka-52 conversion plans in-flight tasks for on-board complex equipment and crews, preparation of electronic maps for on-board indicators of the situation, download flight tasks and flight of cartographic data to a Flash-memory for data entry in on-board equipment of aircraft, flight training, and print documents. The system can be designed as a portable and fixed units that can be adapted to any operating conditions.
Planning for combat operations in a complex built on the principles of integrated environmental decision support, which at any time the user all the features of the complex. He has an open software architecture, due to what can be adapted to the technology planning of air operations, adopted by the Air Force of any country. All Databases complex provides an opportunity to edit them in service that allows users to create their own parametric and graphic library purposes, objects, tactical and navigational aids. 
Using a range of possible in a short time not exceeding 40 minutes, plan, such military or educational purposes, as to strike at targets, flights, patrolling and escort for the air force strength to 36 aircraft and 8 task forces, based on one or at different airfields. Strike plan provides defeat all types of goals in a given time with a certain efficiency of defeat and a given level of acceptable loss of their own aircraft, taking into account all the factors of tactical, navigational and meteorological conditions, terrain, level of training of crews. Complex collects information about the flight and the quest that allows the earth to analyze them in detail. The system is primarily intended for aircraft Su-30MK, its procurement plan, India and Malaysia. Moreover, there is not only military but also civilian version of the complex, intended for use by aircraft of MOE.

.... The most promising military projects UOMZ, of course, is the optical-radar system Kohls-35, intended for the Su-35. According to Nikolai Rakovich, its options "in times greater than that achieved at the stations, designed for mass-producing fighters." In addition, the plant specialists are working to create integrated systems that perform the functions of LEAD. Integrated opto-electronic complex computer controlled and can solve all the sights and navigation tasks. Such a system, according to chief designer UOMZ, designed for one of the export of aircraft.

Ilya CEDAR

..............

New details about the Su-35.

Journal article "The Rise" № 12 / 2005.

Sukhoi first unveiled at the air show in Dubai detailed information about the prepared her multi-purpose fighter Su-35, which is due to the test next year. In applying to the "promotional materials for the first time summarizes the characteristics and composition of the new weapons modification of Su-27. In addition, the model exhibited the Su-35 with side number 901 - the first time she was shown two years ago it was at an exhibition in Dubai, when Sukhoi announced his vision of a new image of the Su-35 - without PGO, with a modified vertical tail surfaces, etc. .

As you know, at one time was the United Arab Emirates has been obliged by the birth of multi-purpose fighter Su-37 (T10M-11 side number 711) - further development of the Su-27M and its export version of Su-35. In 1993 the aircraft was offered for tender the UAE Air Force, providing a choice for the subsequent purchase of 60 advanced multi-role fighters. Win the bid then failed: UAE gave preference to the French (the contract was signed for the purchase of 31 Mirage 2000-9 and the modernization of the existing "Mirage" 2000 E / D ), and in May 1993, it was decided to acquire more and 80 American F -16 C / D "Block 60". Nevertheless, the Emirates' history of Su-35 was continued in subsequent years. "Dry" to proactively worked for a few more options for the Su-35 for the UAE ( including such exotic ones as with conformal weapons bays between the air channels engines, significantly increased internal fuel capacity, modified air intakes, etc. ).. None of them however, did not actually materialize in the metal. Su-35 in the initial configuration has also participated in tenders for a promising fighter the Air Force in South Korea and Brazil, but due to circumstances beyond the company-developer of the reasons of the contracts signed and was not.

However, two years ago, the updated Su-35 has been declared the leadership of the Sukhoi company as most promising export version of the family Su-27/Su-Z0, which should become a kind of transitional stage to the fifth generation fighter, and along with modernized Su-series aircraft Z0MK is designed to provide "dry" saving the world market of military aircraft in the period 2006-2012. Structurally, the updated Su-35 is quite substantially different from earlier offers potential customers a fighter with the same title. Some details of the new image of the Su-35 became known during the MAKS-2005 (see "The Rise» № 10/2005. With. 10).

According to officially published by "dry" materials, "a multi-purpose fighter Su-35 is the result of deep modernization of the Su-27M using the latest advances in aerodynamics, structural materials, engineering and electronics. The aircraft is a new set of avionics, including elements of artificial intelligence, multi-function radar, high power and armament control system, providing automatic target designation and use of weapons at the same time for several circuits. The use of thrust vector control combined with the aircraft control system, provides maneuverability of the Su-35, ie, reduction in the minimum flight speed and the ability to perform aerobatics at low speeds with no restrictions on the corners of the attack. This feature allows the fighter to get an advantage over opponents in melee.

In circulated at the air show in Dubai promotional materials are the main estimates of the new fighter. Normal takeoff weight it should amount to 25,300 kg, max 34500 kg. The maximum flight speed of the Su-35 from the earth reaches 1400 km / h at high altitude - 2400 km / h (M = 2.25), service ceiling - 18,000 m, the maximum-load - 9. Practical flight range of ground will be 1580 km, at high altitude 3600 km, ferry (with two outboard tanks) - 4500 km. On board there will be a system in-flight refueling. The structure of the power plant will include two upgraded engine with SWT "product 117S" thrust 14,500 kgs. One of the essential features upgraded Su-35 - a significant increase in the life of the aircraft and its powerplant. According to data distributed in Dubai, the designated resource is the Su-35 will be 6000 h, or 30 years of operation (the current Su-Z0MK - 3000 h, and 25 years), engine - 4000 hrs (at current supplied to the export of the AL-31F - 1500 hrs).

At the armed air-to-air missiles Su-35 aircraft, along with those used medium-range missiles R-27ER1 (up to 8 pcs. On board), R-27ET1 (up to four) and RVV-AE (12), and as missiles melee P-73E (up to six) will two to four medium-range missiles with passive homing P 27EP1 and up to five new long-range missiles. The guided missile air-to-surface missiles will be presented as already known missiles Kh-31A, Kh-31P, Kh-29TE, X-29L (6 pcs. In ammunition), as well as new anti-ship missiles: Kh-59MK five, three larger systems ("Club") and one very far (like "Yakhont"), as well as five new anti-radar missiles of increased range. Among the applicable responsive bombs already known KAB-500Kr and CRR-500-OD (up to 8 pcs.) KAB-1500Kr (up three), as well as new ones: up to eight KAB-250l ( LGB -250) and KAB-500S- E, up to three KAB-1500LG. Maximum weight of payload, as before, will be 8000 kg.

Told reporters after a meeting with the Governor of Khabarovsk Krai Viktor Ishaev in October this year, CEO Sukhoi "Mikhail Pogosyan, the first Su-35 will be released on KnAAPO in 2006," The Future is attributed to the creation of new aircraft such as Su-35 and next year at our factory in Komsomolsk-on-Amur to begin production of their prototypes, "- said Mikhail Pogosyan.                                                                         AF

------------

Aviaholding Sukhoi plans in 2006 to begin production of prototypes of the Su-35 at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur aviation production association. Gagarin (KnAAPO). 
As stated on Tuesday in Khabarovsk reporters after meeting with the Governor of Khabarovsk Krai Viktor Ishaev aviaholdinga head Mikhail Pogosyan, "the future, we associate with the creation of new aircraft such as Su-35, and next year at our factory in Komsomolsk-on-Amur production starts prototypes.

http://vif2ne.ru/nvk/forum/0/co/1111131.htm

Su-35 - four with two advantages.

Aerospace Review 02/2005

According to the recollections of veterans of the Sukhoi Design Bureau in the mid-70's, when the Soviet Union began a program of development of military AVIACOMPLEX 5 th generation (fighter-90, W-90 bomber and the bomber B-90), designed to end 90 years of change complexes of 4-th generation, management has sought to involve the MAP and the Sukhoi Design Bureau. However, the general designer of EA Ivanov said that the Su-27 - this is the "fighter 90-ies." In his view, the potential of this plane was so great that by the end of XX century is hardly to be expected occurrence in our country, and abroad at least one serial machines, capable to surpass the Su-27 and its modifications. As you can see, this forecast was completely justified ...

Indeed, the Su-27 has a huge, is not completely settled modernizing potential. The evolution of this machine began in the mid-80's, when, almost simultaneously with the start of deliveries to the Air Force and Air Defense of the USSR the first production fighter design bureau named after P. Sukhoi aircraft began to improve. Work went on several fronts, and sets up AVIACOMPLEX for the Air Force, Navy and Air Force air defense.

For the Air Force developed the single Su-27M. In addition to increasing the combat potential in the "air to air, it expands the possibilities destroy ground targets, that is acquired as a multifunctional aircraft. The second key area of ​​a radical change the original design, creating a double fighter-bomber (later - the front-line bomber), Su-27IB, focused primarily on the solution of shock problems.

Creation of the Su-27M (T-10M) was launched in accordance with the governmental decree on December 29, 1983 Along with improved avionics and weapons, the fighter decided to implement a number of promising developments. In particular, the use canards (PGO) improves the maneuverability characteristics, digital FBWCS, a system of in-flight refueling, "glass cockpit" and so inevitable when installing new equipment increase in takeoff weight (and the deterioration of maneuvering characteristics) offset improved version of the engine AL -31F to increased from 12500 to 13000 kg thrust.

In the NIIP (Zhukovsky) for the Su-27M created a powerful new multifunction radar N011 from the slot array. The new station has unique characteristics in distance detection and tracking.During one of the flight test demonstrated the possibility of detection of the target class "Su-27" at a distance of more than 300 km, which became a kind of world record. In combination with the improved means of destruction is permitted Su-27M missile to a dogfight, not only in the middle, but at long range. This quality previously enjoyed only heavy fighter-interceptor MiG-31 and F -14 Tomcat .

June 28, 1988 the first flight of the prototype, and on 1 April 1992, flew on the first Su-27M, assembled in a production plant in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. But in the 90 years of funding for defense contracts rapidly declined, and the program of the Su-27M, first suspended, and eventually stopped altogether. Have been unsuccessful attempts to promote the Su-27M (export designation - the Su-35) on the world market - double the Su-30MK proved more popular.

At the same time, improve the Su-27 went in other directions. At the turn of 1990-2000, in parallel with the Su-30MKI, Su-30MKK and Su-30MK2 and others have developed and upgraded single multifunctional fighter Su-27SM, which in late 2003 began to arrive at the front of the Russian Air Force.

However, as shown by analysis of the needs of domestic military aircraft for the foreseeable future, as well as forecasts for the global aviation market, identified the need for deeper, so-called "big modernization of Su-27 based on the results achieved in the programs of the Su-27M, Su-27SM, Su -30MKI, Su-30MKK and Su-34 and in the development of technology the fifth generation - Experimental demonstration of the Su-47 Berkut and future tactical aviation AVIACOMPLEX PAKFA. During begin in XXI century, the modernization program the machine (its export variant retained the designation Su-35) provides a major structural change than the Su-30M and Su-27SM.

The purpose of the "big upgrade" - first and foremost a means of impeding the aircraft Lockheed Martin F -16 E / F ( Bloc 60), Boeing F / A -18 E / F Super Hornet , as well as the upgradedEurofighter EF 2000 Typhoon and the Dassault Aviation Rafale . Counted and the emergence of the Air Force C Sha fighter 5 th generation F / A -22 A Raptor , which the Air Force must confront domestic AVIACOMPLEX with equivalent capabilities.

Provides that "the big upgrade" will close the gap between the Su-27 aircraft that were built or improved by a "small upgrade, and AVIACOMPLEX 5 th generation, which entered service domestic Air Force, as well as for export only in 2010-ies. Meanwhile, fighters, created as part of "the big upgrade", will come in the part of the Russian Air Force in the second half of this decade and ensure the maintenance of a sustainable contract line in the period 2007-2014 years. That is, to enter the world market "dry" 5 the second generation.

In late 2003, the international air shows in the UAE was first demonstrated by a model created in the framework of the "big upgrade" multifunctional single Su-35BM. Unlike a number of aircraft Sukhoi-generation "4 +" (Su-30MKI, Su-32, Su-33), performed on a "longitudinal triplane, the new machine has a traditional layout, without PGO. Airframe somewhat enhanced, thus increasing the maximum takeoff weight of up to 38.800 kg. However, by reducing the mass of the avionics, aircraft empty weight remained virtually unchanged (16.500 kg).

In addition, the reduced area of ​​the vertical tail, which reduces the radar - significantly, reducing the volume zakabinnogo cover (thanks to modern and compact avionics). Minor changes undergone canopy pilot. Applied to the airframe of the Su-35BM is appropriate to use the term "benign mode of modernization." This is due to the desire of designers to avoid or minimize the amount of expensive statispytany and extremely full use of existing serial snap.

In the Sukhoi Design Bureau in cooperation with industry and academic science have found ways to radically (more than one order) reduce the RL - the visibility of the aircraft, which reduces the range of detection radars and ground-based radar.

On this issue discuss in more detail. By the time the USSR collapsed, the stealth - technology define the scope KB, industrial and military research institutes. That allowed in the shortest possible time and with much lower costs (relative to the Americans in the program Stealth ) to demonstrate the possibility of achieving a low radar - significantly.

In the sequel to the works in this area joined the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics (ITPE) Joint Institute for High Temperatures. On the finished object was applied radio-absorbing coating, to explore other electrical equipment.

Several years in the Sukhoi Design Bureau studied the scattering properties of different samples of REO for reducing its share in the RL - the visibility of the aircraft. In these studies involved dozens of companies around the country, including universities. According to Chief Designer Sergei Korotkov, the bureau realized: to demonstrate the results of a prospective customer, should effectively reduce the visibility, improve the reliability of protection against external factors.For this set of measures has been formed, repeating the whole cycle of the aircraft - from preliminary design to flight testing. And if the apex of the pyramid "had been flight tested, the foundation was laid the foundation of mathematical modeling.

Was to develop design documentation, make and confirm the reliability of the technology to reduce the radar - the visibility of a glider, antennas, as well as in the SU front and rear hemisphere. Were selected three major areas of work: glider glazed cabin and antenna compartments, engine, and radars. In ITPE laboratories and research sectors, the OKB was tested for resistance to external factors, the samples coated glass and polymer samples RP - coatings applied to various materials.

For testing radar - the visibility of RFCs have chosen the radar with phased array type "Bars."Specially manufactured for her nose of the aircraft, the object is worked out in an anechoic chamber 5 th TSNIII.

Flight characteristics of the Su-35BM should rise by equipping its engine AL-41 system UHT and 14,600 kgf thrust, which will provide fighter in "combat" refueling at 5300 kg take-off thrust-weight ratio greater than 1.2, corresponding to or slightly greater than the figure in the American fighter 5 the first generation F / A -22 A Raptor . The use of more powerful engines caused minor alterations intake.

The prototype is deeply upgraded AL-31F engine - AL-41, developed by NPO Saturn, with the participation UMPO (Ufa), has now completed the cycle of bench trials and is undergoing flight tests on board a flying laboratory. With minimal changes in design thrust of this engine at 16-20% higher than the thrust of AL-31F, and the resource longer baselines Source engine several times.Designers face the challenge of the upgraded engine, not only on new fighters, but also in service (with a minimum amount of modifications).

Maneuverability of a fighter and will improve after the use of new digital quad FBWCS CDS-427, passed the test on the experimental demonstration Su-47 Berkut.

Su-35BM will equip BRLK Irbis development NIIP named after V. Tikhomirov. Like others of their radar 1990-2000's, the new station - with the passive phased array type. At the same time, opportunities BRLK significantly expanded. As for Barça, the Irbis used self-centering circuit antenna that significantly expands the field of view. However, the Irbis a faster mechanism.

Irbis occupies an intermediate position between the complexes of aircraft generation "4 +" ("Bars", "Wasp") and equipment for promising fighter PAKFA. Based on existing technologies and cell-based, ideologically Irbis performed at the level of the requirements to the 5-th generation. Unlike "classical" radar - systems, "Irbis" - rather, an integrated "board" (not only radar but also other electronic means), which is typical for fighting AVIACOMPLEX new generation.

In modern military aircraft pilot for a long time "is in the intensity of information flow." For operational decisions that flow is structured in such a way as to automatically provide the pilot only needed to present information. The Su-35BM will be used interchangeably displays large format (15-inch) high resolution. The performance of each indicator in a Split-screen mode provides the flexibility to build the necessary information depending on the currently solved the problem.

Panoramic position indicator with integrated information on the situation around the aircraft (on the terrain to the sources of threats - air and ground), supplemented by devices of voice and audio information, provide the necessary level of security and survival of the aircraft. The pilot is optimal conflict-free path and information for action. In order to optimize the activities of the pilot expands the list of ways to interact with onboard complex. In addition to direct effects on the bodies of the pilot y board and remote management via a switch on the RUS uses voice control.It provides a high degree of reliability execute commands under the influence of various kinds of noise and speech changes from the pilot's physical and emotional stress.

Multiversion ways to get information and issuing control words allow the pilot to adapt to changing circumstances, make the most correct decision in the short-lived duel situations, while retaining control over the aircraft, and optimally manage the military complex. Permanent effect on the pilot's mental and physical stress raises an important question the need to assess his condition. Installed on the aircraft engine for a set of independent parameters assesses the state of the pilot and a signal to the onboard and ground systems for the prevention of an emergency.

In parallel, there are works to reduce fatigue of the pilot and maintain its high performance over a long flight and when exposed to high loads. The composition of a wide range of activities include automation of the complex to the most intense modes of flight (takeoff, landing, refueling in the air), creating more comfortable conditions in the cabin (heated bearing surfaces, creating optimum climatic conditions, etc.), development of new management bodies, as comfortable with the action of accelerations, a well as activities that provide work crew in a long flight.

As is clear from the model of the Su-35BM demonstrated in Dubai in December 2003, the armed aircraft will include:

- ASM "Onyx-A (Yakhont");

- UR an air-to-air ultra distance (the development of Yekaterinburg "Innovator");

- Upgraded SD Class air - air medium-range (RVV-AE);

- Upgraded SD Class air - air short-range R-73;

- RCC and anti-radar missiles family of X-31 (X-31N).

All for the deployment of lesions using 10 nodes external suspension. Another two end nodes are involved wing to accommodate containers EW.

In the Sukhoi Design Bureau created a powerful fighter generation "4 + +". On combat capabilities, this machine is close to the foreign fighter 5 th generation, and a number of parameters, and beyond them. The emergence of a new fighter in service with domestic BBC and in the global aircraft market will strengthen Russia's position as one of the leading aviation powersXXI century.

P oject Su-35

Article from the March issue International Defense Review.

Sukhoi and KnAAPO focused on the design with an internal designation T -10B M (Big Upgrade) and the official designation Su-35. The model of this machine was demonstrated in December 2003 in Dubai.
Designation Su-35 has a long history. In 1992 Dry Index has appointed Su-35's export version of Su-27 M ( T -10 M ), a fighter with the CHR and the N011 radar. Serial production of the Su-27M began in Komsomolsk in the last days of the Soviet Union. Five of the 15 fighters made ​​(including prototypes) are now in the 237th Regiment in Kubinka, near Moscow, and several others are used as experimental. Su-35 was offered without success to several countries, including South Korea, United Arab Emirates and Malaysia, and now takes part in the competition for Brazil. It should be noted that the Su-35 - a new project, rather than the Su-27M.
Order for fighter jets Su-27/Su-30 which are now being constructed KnAAPO almost fully implemented, the new generation fighter Russia - PAK FA is still a long way to go. April 26, 2002, a government committee chose a proposal Sukhoi T-50 in the contest for fifth-generation fighter the PAK FA. December 10, 2004, Dry, presented preliminary design T-50 for approval by the Air Force. Statements made by then, they say that a prototype T-50 will fly in late 2007, and its production will begin in Komsomolsk around 2012-15, respectively.
Su-35 ( T -10B M ) to fill a temporary period. Therefore, 2007 was declared the bureau Sukhoi as the year when the work on Su-35 must be completed. Another goal of the program of the Su-35 is to test solutions for use in the project T-50. Transient Su-35 is sponsored by the same parties that participate in the program T-50. Lack of systems and components built outside Russia in the project Su-35 is regarded as a great advantage for the Russian Air Force, as well as for some foreign customers, such as China.
Russian aerospace community as the original fighter divides the generations. According to their classification, the Su-27 - fourth-generation fighter, Su-30MKI/MKK belong to a generation 4 + (four plus), the new Su-35 ( T -10B M ) will correspond to generation 4 + +, and the future PAK FA ( T-50) will be the fifth generation fighter. There are also 5 - (minus five) generation, which includes an early series of the PAK FA (T-50 with temporary equipment on the Su-35).
External new Su-35 ( T -10B M ) near the normal Su-27 than to continue the Su-35 ( T -10 M): it has no PGO, shortened tail boom. Wings correspond applied to the ship's Su-33 with a large flaperons occupying the entire back edge. Powerplant Su-35 will include two new engine AL-41F1A, with a thrust of 142 - 147 kN each. AL-41F1A the same transition as he Su-35. The final version of the engine for serial PAK FA (T-50) - AL-41F1, will have a new design. In July 2003, all of Russia's leading aircraft manufacturers signed an agreement to work together. 
Tikhomirov NIIP them in Zhukovsky developed for the Su-35 new radar N035 Irbis with passive phased array. Compared with other similar systems antenna Irbis is set to rapidly rotating panel, which can be rotated in azimuth by 50 - 60 degrees to either side (which provides an overview of more than 200 degrees) and the Su-35 radar installed a small rear-view in the gully between engines. This idea was developed in Russia since the mid 1980's: looking back radars were installed on several prototypes of the "old" Su-27M/Su-35 (N012 radar, developed by NIIR "Dawn"), the MiG 1.42 ("Dawn" N015) and Su-27IB (RLS V005 firm Leninist). At the same time were tested missiles air-air, to run back. Interest in this concept over time decreased and returned to it only in the early twenty-first century. Tikhomirov NIIP they offer for the purpose of his station with passive phased array, "wasp" and is expected to present a new active phased array radar with this class in the next few months.
Su-35 model shown in Dubai in December 2003 carried an interesting service. High supersonic missile designed to destroy ships of the family
Onyx / Yahont / Brahmos (depending on customer requirements, can be used by any of the options missiles) was hung between the engines. Under the wings were hung two missiles K-172S-1 ultra-range air-air, developed by the Innovator of Yekaterinburg. What is the first demonstration of the rocket after 10 years of silence (in August 1993, at Zhukovsky full-size mock K-172 showed the Su-30). Maximum range of K-172, claimed Innovator - 300 km (previously - 400 pr.redaktora ). The rocket to be used against targets flying at an altitude of between 10-100 000 feet and speeds of up to 4,000 km / h, with an overload of up to 12 G , which include all types of aircraft, as well as a large anti-aircraft missiles and long range (for self-defense). Other weapons, seen on the model of Su-35 was the standard: X-31 air-to-earth, R-77 and F-73 air-to-air. 
Ramenskoye PKB, avionics manufacturer for the PAK FA and Su-35, has announced that the cockpit Su-35 will not have any analog devices. Before the pilot will be only two liquid-crystal displays, in addition, information will be duplicated on the screen of the pilot's helmet. 
 

New features Su-35BM:

1 - NO35 radar Irbis.

2 - helmet-mounted target designation system.

3 - No PGO.

4 - system of electronic warfare L175M "Khibiny.

5 - AL-41F1A with a thrust of 147 kN.

6 - Radar rear view in a short gully.

7 - Keely smaller area (?).

8 - Increased intakes.

9 - New FBWCS.

10 new, full "glass" cockpit with two large                               LCD displays.

(Source: Piotr Butowski )

----------

Aviation Holding Company Sukhoi began to establish a modernized Su-37 generation "4 + +", told Interfax-AVN Director of Public Relations Sukhoi Yuri Chervak. 
"New development of Sukhoi Company received the designation Su-37. This fighter has come to replace the fighters Su-30MK, as well as upgraded Su-27SK and Su-27SM, - said Yuri Chervak. 
He explained that the development of a new fighter generation "4 + +" is intended to increase the export potential of the family of aircraft, the Su-27 "and created on their base Su-30 in the period until the established fifth-generation fighter (prospective Complex Frontal Aviation - PAK FA ). 
"Su-37 should be a" transition "model to a fifth generation fighter. He will retain a constructive continuity with the Su-30MK with an amendment to its design some of the solutions worked on the experimental plane Su-47 with forward-swept wing," - said Yuri Chervak. 
According to him, the Su-37 is planned to test some of the ideas in the field of avionics and weapons being developed for fifth-generation fighter. 
Yu Chervak ​​refused to talk about the planned timing of the creation of the Su-37, but agreed that it should be created in the period 2006-2008, as the fifth-generation fighter will be created and entered service with the initial combat readiness (with the project board avionics and weapons) not earlier than in 2010-2012. 
According to experts, are installed on the Su-37 upgraded aircraft engines such as AL-31F will also be a "transitional" model for long-term "normal" for the PAK FA aircraft engines AL-41F, develops research and production association "Saturn". Using the Su-37 upgraded AL-31F engine should help improve the export potential of the aircraft, as the country has bought fighter jets Su-27 (India, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia) have experience in operating such motors, and countries such as India and China also have the necessary production facilities for maintenance and repair of aircraft engines.

Source: news agency Interfax-AVN

Sukhoi creates a modernized Su-37

Since 2006, planned to expand production of the Su-27 "BM" (Su-35 \ 37?), And it will be re-built aircraft, designed to fill the Air Force to supply serial PAK-FA in 2010, 2012. This model will receive a new avionics, engines with SWT, weapons, etc.

. The question of the production of aircraft based on the airframe of the Su-27KUB for the Russian Air Force as a kind of alternative to the Sukhoi Su-34, which is rapidly becoming obsolete electronics. Created on the basis of the Su-33KUB universal combat aviation complex will provide for service with a relatively low-cost high-performance aircraft.

Su-35BM

(Machine translation of an article from an English source)

In December 2003, after the program of modernization of the Su-27SM been successful, Russia announced that it would continue its program of so-called "big upgrade". Upgraded aircraft called the Su-35BM (also T-10BM), but is not yet known what name will be taken by the Russian Air Force. Program Su-35BM should be in a deep modernization of existing aircraft (Sukhoi announced that it will be re-built machine - approx. Editor)

The main feature of the aircraft must be a new radar. Have not yet decided whether it will be "Fazatron-NIIR N031" Falcon "or N11P Irbis. The first - in fact the famous "Beetle" with passive phased array, while "Irbis" - version N011M also PFAR (purportedly NPO Tikhomirov Irbis has an active phased array). In 2003, a new antenna has been tested on Su-30MKI fighters, but with an overview of + / -45 degrees in the horizontal plane, instead of the planned + / -70 degrees.The remaining 25 degrees are to be achieved mechanically by a hydraulic actuator. Sources say that the Russian Air Force preference is given NIIR as radar this company have proved their efficiency. The radar should be able to like N011M. Detection range fighter - 170 km, the destroyer of 300 km corresponds more or less opportunities N011M.

Su-35BM should also receive radar rearview. It should be NIIR N012 "Spear" with passive phased array and range of approximately 50-70 km. This decision indicates that Russia does not rely on a network of data exchange, although such "Aegis" system of monitoring the air situation for the Air Force is in development.

Set of weapons for the Su-35BM is similar to the Su-27SM. Among the new weapons in the development of missile air-to-long range with a range of 300 km. Since the range is outside radar range, the missile requires an external target designation. Possible suspension from two to four missiles simultaneously. This system can be created based on K-172 Innovator and Vympel K-37M, the latter can also be installed on the MiG-31. Sukhoi prefers the first solution, and we can say that it is - part of a longstanding strategy of "Su" that would replace the MiG-31 aircraft to the Su-27.

Su-35BM should also get a completely new self-defense system development which leads KRRTI, A-175 m "Hibiny" (?). It represents a unified system of electronic warfare, a separate display in the cockpit, digital signal processor, and the blocks on the wingtips. Probably in the future, the aircraft will also receive a warning system and missile attack towed trap. The design of the Su-35BM will be applied radio-absorbing materials.

The modernized Su-27SM, along with upgraded Su-25SM and Su-24m2, form the core of Russian Air Force in the next two decades, which may lead to the final decommissioning of weapons of MiG-29 that are not going to upgrade. While the MiG-29SMT present the final version upgrades for this underestimated the aircraft, no interest for the Russian Air Force. Sukhoi approach, with "young" and "large" modernization, was a much more realistic and ultimately defeat.

Experimental work on further development of the Su-27

Purge the model of Su-33 or Su-27M with stabilizer reverse sweep.

Blowdown container radiomonitoring and ECM in SibNIA.

"... Ow. Iv. Antonov drew the Su-27" wired "mezhgondolnym space of twenty-five years ago (in prikidok option RTR / jammer). All right out - additional volumes kolosalnye. Even watching the third major leg (two-wheel ) in the center to increase the maximum vzletnoy. / landing weight to compensate. supersonic, of course, sat down decently - but subsonic even improved (by reducing the area washed by the surface). "
 

Container RTR / REP M400 "Cupola" by Su-30MKK2 at MAKS-2003.

Representatives of the ASTC. PO Dry reported that the upgraded multi-purpose fighter Su-30 MKK2, currently being developed for China, will provide unprecedented for its air force and navy combat the influence of the level of the complex in a large coverage area and will have a higher possibility of attack tasks using precision-guided weapons and play a completely new role, which had not previously planned, namely, the use of the system C4ISTAR (command, control, communications, computing, artificial intelligence, surveillance, target designation, and intelligence).

ASTC. PO Dry, presented his prototype Su-30MKK2 equipped with a number of new sensor systems. Chief among them was a set of spy equipment M400 - a large container system that includes sensors such as side-looking radar SLAR, television (TV) and infrared equipment for large and small heights, and telephoto camera LOROP for side shots. Optical sensors, available in the project is attributed to the range of at least 70 km, and SLAR has a range of not less than 100 km.

Design work since 1982
A chapter from the book "Su-27.Chast 2. Birth of a legend

... It is a little bit more to mention another direction work carried out within the framework of project research. We are talking about trying to use the Su-27 aerial (PTB) and the conformal fuel tanks (KTB). Previously, to study and reflect on this issue in the bureau spent a lot of time, but due to purely subjective reasons, there is no "real solution" in practice has not been received.
The history of this issue "goes back" in July 1977 when the 100 Division SY Yaremenko performed the first draw on the suspension of the Su-27 "ventral tank large capacity.Subsequently, by analogy with the F-15C / D, equipped with containers «FAST PACK», they were called conformal. Interest in the KTB was quite natural, because, being located between the engine nacelles, he approached the layout of the Su-27 to the previously studied so-called"Underarm" scheme. Due to peculiarities of assembly scheme the aircraft had hoped that the use of KTB can provide for the suspension of the conformal tank improvement (or at least not worsening) of aerodynamics by:
reduce friction drag by reducing the total surface washed 
aircraft;
reduce the wave resistance by forming a joint schedule of cross-sectional areas ligament "plane + KTB.
Conformal tank was planned to perform a single, unified in design, both for basic fighter, and for its modifications. According to the general requirements of KTB had to have a streamlined shape, selected from the conditions: a minimal effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of the original aircraft, ensuring stable operation of the propulsion system on all modes of flight.
Work on the image of the KTB were carried out in several stages, and in 1979 accompanied by the construction and testing models in wind tunnel of TsAGI, while considering various options.
"Settled" look KTB determined by 1980. The proposed version had a length of 12 m, the maximum area of ​​middle section, taking into account the gap between the tank and the outer surface of the nacelle was 1.24 m2, the estimated stock of produced fuel - 7000 kg. KTB was mounted on the suspension point number number 1 and 2 and was equipped with side supports in the area of ​​power fuselage frames. The complex shape of the tank takes into account many factors. To improve the flow front of the tank came forward with respect to the air intake. Her sock was attached to the wing, nose landing gear, and at harvest-release of the last turn together with the sash. The nose of the KTB to frame 18 is not filled with fuel, here organized a vertical cutout for cylinder cleaning and extracting the nose landing gear two wedges drain boundary layer in the vertical plane.
Accordingly, the side wedges, plum boundary layer at the rear of the tank near the end with a removable A Coca HCHF. The form of the ending takes into account the cylindrical m in the central beam HCHF.
Structurally, the tank was divided into several compartments, and fuel system KTB was to provide a given alignment by making fuel from them in sequence. Refilling was performed under pressure. To improve combat survivability be filled with polyurethane foam, and in-flight fuel from the KTB was produced in the first place. Also guaranteed the possibility of accidental discharge of fuel. Area of ​​the external surface of the tank as a separate unit is about 35 m2, but because of layout features of the Su-27 for suspension on a plane surface washed by the total area did not increase but even decreased ~ 6 m2. KTB mass construction, it is estimated, was about 500 kg, while taking into account the aggregate fuel system, polyurethane foam, does not drain and does not produce fuel, estimated at 730-750 kg.
Ferry range Su-27 with conformal fuel tank, for the calculation was ~ 5400 km. To reduce resistance in the suspension of weapons intended to provide "semi-flush" accommodation SD air-to-air K-27 and K-27E under the KTB. The longitudinal dimensions are not allowed to realize Tandem placement of SD. They could be hung only in the middle of the tank, this Includes three longitudinal niche with installing them in the built-ejection device (CRA). Form niches chosen on the basis of "semi-flush" placement of SD under the tank with a view of the "stacking" in their plumage. As such, in 1980, KTB was first presented for consideration by the customer in the teh.predpozheniya Su-27SH, but this project had no future development.
Studies in the KTB continued after 1980. During the 1981-84 years in the TsAGI model 13T10-13 in WT T-108 was further tested at least 6 different configurations ventral tank, significantly differ in shape and size. Interestingly, the common element for all the layouts were much smaller than the original 
alternative dimensions (length - from 5.9 to 9.9 m; internal volume - from 2.17 to 4.32 m3) of the task to optimize the shape and dimensions of the conformal tank to ensure the best growth range Su-27. The results of these studies by March 1985 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur branch of OKB VG Noses released the final report, which made certain findings as a relative effect on the aerodynamics of the individual elements of the layout, and in a complex - in terms of efficiency ligament "plane + KTB. Oddly enough, but the criterion fuel efficiency were the best options for a smaller fuel tank, as they are least likely to affect the characteristics of the air intakes and loss of effective thrust nozzles. With increased fuel, despite a decrease in the efficiency of its use, the range was increased. With fuel reserves in the KTB of about 4000 kg increase ferry range was from 660 to 695 km. The best result was achieved in a mixed suspension variants: KTB + 2hPTB-2000 (with reset after their generation). In this case, for calculation, "additive" in range was up to 1213 km! Thus, the ferry range Su-27 in this embodiment, more than 5000 km.
However, the impartial analysis showed that the flight range of Su-27 variants with KTB loses some F-15C / D with suspension «FAST PACK». The reason for this situation, according to UARepreva is the best supplies of engines F-15C / D as compared with the Su-27 at the respective modes of flight. In turn, this was due to likely increase in resistance associated with the suspension, KTB, and "slipping" to lower cruising speeds.
It is clear that in terms of layout, placement of KTB under the fuselage for the Su-27 was the easiest and most obvious suggestion, but theoretically possible there were other options. For example, as an alternative, one could consider the option with top KTB - above the fuselage. It was interesting though, if only because here there was no such severe restrictions on the arrangement with respect to the air intakes, as the ventral KTB.

As a result, in 1985, MP Simonov put before a team task 100-3 to consider top position of the conformal tank. If you elaborate on the tank decided that the capacity must be comparable to the two full-time FTB-2000.
But here, too, had its difficulties. VI Antonov says about this: "The task was extraordinary. It was necessary to develop such a fuel tank, which on the one hand, it would increase over the area of ​​middle section plane, and, on the other - would not worsen and improve the schedule of cross-sectional areas airplane. In this case, required "no quarrel" with the local aerodynamics and weight as possible to minimize costs associated with installing a conformal tank, especially with regard to a possible increase in weight of the empty aircraft. Rather complex question was a gap between the lower (inner) surface of the KTB and the upper (outer) surface of the fuselage, since the latter has a rather complicated configuration. It was necessary, based on the power circuit fuselage, install the attachment of the tank on the fuselage. Should take into account issues of maintainability, since the aircraft was operated as a KTB, and without it.
Elaboration of the KTB instructed a leading designer, VG Belyaev. Victor G. was an experienced, discreet and very independent designer. I have repeatedly entrusted him with the most complex, puzzling problem. The main thing that posed a problem was not wearing a "global", obschesamoletny character, and affected the development of only fairly large fragment of the aircraft. By solving the problem Victor G. walked very interesting. After receiving a task, he asked me to help him withdraw from the cabinet model of the middle part of the fuselage.After some time he came to me and asked me to get him a few packs of clay. Plasticine we got him. Victor G. found something on the slide rule, apparently was satisfied, and then began to mold this clay cube of a given size, all the while checking the length of its edges, and the equality of faces. After that, he covered the upper part of the model and asphalt on it as on a pedestal, are made out the contours of verhneraspolozhennogo KTB.
Glassine model enables us to remove the tank from the FES model. Cube of a given size has allowed him to mold KTB given capacity. Model of the middle part of the fuselage with the lined frames and other security elements allowed to bind to a specific KTB complex surface. Remove from the resulting model plaza longitudinal and transverse sections and to convert the resulting geometric information in the drawing was already quite easy. Thus, the assignment, he carried out simply, quickly and accurately. "

One of the problems that could not be solved with the development of the upper KTB was 
the question of its emergency relief from an airplane. The main difficulty was how to achieve a given trajectory of the tank, with the passing exactly between
consoles keels. On his own initiative, the challenge in the 13 th Division was YA Repro. Yuri Andreevich offered a variant on which the Department of KTB from the aircraft was carried out under the action of aerodynamic forces, rotating around the support, located in the rear of the tank. For processing spent purging cycle model KTB in WT T-103 TsAGI. However, guaranteed to solve this problem have failed due to poor site design elaboration sample: KTB not "slipped" from the aircraft, and "break out" site support. As a result, work in this area have been stopped.
In one form or another conformal fuel tank and container conformal weapons ever seen in 100 department for use as a base version of the Su-27 and the new modifications of cars. However, further design study, performed at the level of projects, it is not promoted as MP Simon did not give approval to expand the scope of work and presentation materials to the customer. VIAntonov said: "We're not just out to Mikhail Petrovich with a proposal on the application of the Su-27 PTB and KTB, but each time refused. We can only wonder how his patience with the "obstinate" for developers, and his tenacity for his decision. Indeed, in the U.S., F-15C - an airplane-analog Su-27 to increase the flight range of developers provided the installation of two side-conformal tanks «FAST PACK» the total capacity of 5,600 liters, and three drop tanks with a capacity of 2,270 liters. Extensive use of external fuel tanks and all the fighters 3rd and 4 th generations of U.S. and Western Europe. "
It seems that, based on data for high load ratio of integral arrangement of fuel, general designer once and believed in the thesis of the extremely high LTH Su-27 range. On this basis, it decided to inappropriate use of an airplane auxiliary fuel tanks. It may be noted that the MP Simonov was not alone in this conviction. In KB mnogieprivykli to the idea that the Su-27 has the largest among all the fighters range. This is true - for option aircraft with an internal fuel capacity, but in the case with most of the fighters PTB fourth generation is uniquely superior to the Su-27 range!
Of course, the fuel efficiency of aircraft with PTB is significantly lower than without them. In addition, the greater the internal fuel load, the less the increase in range when applying PTB14.However, to increase the range and duration of flight, such a relatively straightforward manner, as the use of additional tanks were possible, and it did not require any major modifications the aircraft. The calculations of aerodynamics show that the use of the Su-27 PTB can increase the range of flight is not less than 1000 km (altitude, subsonic flight regime).
To convey this idea to the leadership of bureau tried repeatedly, and not just the designers of the projects. However, no "breakthrough" in this direction did not occur until the end of the serial production of Su-27 at a factory in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Su-35 number 2

Vnukovo