Aircraft carrying cruiser of the Russian Navy.

Andrey Fomin on the development of the domestic deck

Aviation art from the book "Su-33 naval epic"

In 1968, in parallel with the design of RCC Project 1143, the Nevsky Design Bureau Minsudproma under the supervision of the chief design of AB Morin began the study of perspective image of an aircraft carrier project in 1160 with a catapult take-off aircraft. Hardly the first time in domestic practice, the development of conceptual design of such a vessel was included in the plan of military shipbuilding in 1971-1980, the Soviet Union. However, the CC CPSU and USSR Council of Ministers on September 1, 1969, defines the main requirements to the ship project 1160, NPKB until instructed to confine the development of its preliminary design, and the number of aircraft manufacturing engineering offices - preliminary design ship-borne aircraft catapult takeoff.
As a result of a comprehensive research work in 1972 were justified by the tactical and technical characteristics of the ship and worked his preliminary design. The composition of air armament carrier project in 1160 was supposed to include multi-role fighter with variable geometry wing MiG-23A, subsonic jet aircraft anti-P-42, ship supersonic attack aircraft with variable geometry wing Su-24K and the deck Ka-252, a total of 60-70 aircraft. To ensure normal operation of aircraft circuits on board first in the country were to develop aviation-technical means of the ship - a catapult, arrester and emergency barrier.
Single deck multi-purpose fighter, the MiG-23A (the code "Lightning") was designed in 1969 for MMP Zenit them. Mikoyan (General Designer R. A. Belyakov) on the basis of "land" of the MiG-23M and was intended to provide air defense aircraft carrier group due to the interception and destruction of subsonic and supersonic aircraft in all weather conditions day and night, destroying the deck helicopters the enemy, and drawing air strikes on surface ships and shore targets, conduct reconnaissance in maritime theater of operations. From their "land" a prototype of the MiG-23A differed reinforced chassis, the front support unit which had caught in the catapult shuttle, the installation of a landing hook (Rotary ventral ridge at the same time replaced by two comb), increased area and height of the keel, the introduction of the refueling flight.
On deck fighters planned to use a modified survey-sight system with radar Sapphire 23ML. In composition, armament of the MiG-23A match the serial front-line fighter MiG-23M. To destroy air targets could be used two medium-range missile K-23, two to four short-range missiles K-13M, or four or six rockets melee K-60. The defeat of the surface and land targets supposed to be implemented by means of guided missiles X-23 with a radio command guidance, as well as unguided rockets caliber 80 and 240 mm and aerial bombs weighing up to 2000 kg. There was on board and built dvuhstvolnaya gun GS-23 caliber 23 mm. Preliminary design of the MiG-23A was developed by 1972

Triple subsonic jet antisubmarine P-42 (code "Harpoon") designed Taganrog State Union experienced by the maritime aircraft (formerly OKB Beriev, chief designer of AK Konstantinov) to address the Commission of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the military-industrial Questions from June 5, 1971 The plane was intended for anti-submarine aircraft carrier, and led them to connect the ships in the area bounded by a radius of 600 km, through the search for submarine tracking found the boat and its destruction missile and torpedo weapons. Airplane P-42 was carried out on the schematic of high with a wing of moderate sweep, a classic trapezoidal fins with rudders and elevators, and two bypass turbojet engines D-36 in nacelles under the wing.Thus, in the general scheme of P-42 is largely repeated the U.S. carrier-based anti-aircraft S-3 Viking. Landing gear ensured his rise through the ship catapults, and the availability of planting hook - braking deck arresting gear.
For a home on the deck and below deck hangar aircraft carrier wing, and keel P-42 performed folding. Discharged detection and destruction of submarines (AT-2 torpedoes, rockets, APR-2 "Orlan" and "Hawk-M, bombs, sonobuoys buoys and other means of total mass to 3000 kg) were placed on P-42 in two gruzootsekah - front removable compartment container and rear removable. Apart from the main anti-submarine proposed to develop modification tanker, deck aircraft radar picket and guidance (AEW), search and rescue, transport and other options for the aircraft. Develop preliminary design P-42 was completed in 1972 Built aircraft be handed his first prototype for flight testing in 1976
Supersonic double attack aircraft with variable geometry wing Su-24K was developed machine companies (MH) "pendant" (General Designer PO Sukhoi), based on Sukhoi Su-24 and was intended for delivering powerful ground-attack missile and bombing attacks on ships and protected coastal targets. To ensure the catapult takeoff and landing arrester Su-24K was equipped with a reinforced chassis and the landing hook.
Composition of the carrier air group project in 1160 determined by government order, but the Sukhoi is not without reason to believe that the Su-24K, which has a maximum takeoff weight of more than 30 tons, too heavy for home aboard the ship. In this regard, it was proposed to replace the Su-24K air group in the first Soviet aircraft carrier to the new multi-purpose naval aircraft, which could be created based on the projected fighter 4 th generation Su-27. As a result, already in 1973 at the Sukhoi Design Bureau were carried out preliminary study of several options to ship versions of Su-27 (T-10) under the designation Su-27K, Su-28K and Su-29K and factory code T-12 . Suhovtsam managed to convince the naval command in the feasibility of replacing the Su-24K, and along with the MiG-23A, on the unified family of naval aircraft based on the perspective of the Su-27K. Proposal Sukhoi was accepted, and the Su-27K had inherited from the MiG-23A code "Lightning." So 30 years ago began the story of a supersonic fighter ship, now known under the name of Su-33.
In the corrected version of the wing aircraft carriers, etc. 1160 was comprised of 12 Su-27K or Su-29K and 12 Su-28K, four scout-designator Su-28KRTS, six anti-submarine aircraft P-42 and four more aircraft in the form AEW and eight anti-Ka-252.
Shipborne Su-27K was designed deck option, "land" Su-27 and, with the same weapons system, differed from him, basically, just next to the design features that ensure it basing on the ship. K. These included strengthened landing gear, landing without ensuring alignment with the increased vertical velocities and accelerations, as well as a link for the aircraft catapult shuttle during takeoff, landing hook lowered to slow the aircraft during landing deck arresting gear, folding wing aircraft to reduce the size of the ship's hangar and for technical positions decks, etc. Fighter-interceptor Su-29K was a modification of the Su-27K with a better weapon control system (VCS), which provides, inter alia, the use of guided missiles for air-to-air long-range type K-33 (they are designed for intercepting e-155MP - the future MiG-31). Double naval Su-28K was supposed to create on the Su-27K, equipping it with a specialized weapon control system and a large arsenal of guided weapons air-to-ship, air-to-radar and air-to-earth "(missiles like the X-58, X-59 X-29, etc.). Based on the airframe Su-28K scout-designed Su-designator 28KRTS shipborne AEW aircraft and some other options.
As a result, efforts to develop a preliminary design of the project 1160 and the aircraft carrier deck aircraft for him in 1971-1973. were first established direct contacts NPKB and aircraft design bureau Sukhoi, Mikoyan and Beriev, prepared and coordinated tactical and technical tasks (TTZ) for the development of aircraft.
In a report submitted to the Central Committee and the Ministry of Defence of the USSR in the summer of 1973, the ministers of aviation and shipbuilding industries, the Commander of the Air Force and Navy through the consideration of preliminary design recommended to organize the creation of the atomic multipurpose aircraft carriers with a displacement of up to 80 000 tonnes, which was supposed to have an impact Missiles (anti-ship missile complex "Granit") and air group, which included different versions of the Su-27K and P-42 airplanes and helicopters Ka-252. It was assumed that by 1986 the Navy of the country will receive three such ships, thereby greatly reduce the backlog of the USSR from the U.S. in aircraft carriers and deck jets. Subject to the start of full-scale work on the project in 1160 in 1973, first aircraft carrier would be able to enter into the Soviet Navy had already in 1981
However, this proposal was not supported by the secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Ustinov, who oversaw the defense. At the insistence of Ustinov fall of 1973, it was decided to conduct further development of domestic aircraft carrier fleet based on updated project PKR 1143. The third ship of this series (the future "Novorossiysk") planned to build in 1975 on the draft 1143M (then 1143.3) with a view based on it fighter VTOL Yak-ZbMP (they are supposed to create on the basis Stormers Yak-MBA), and future - supersonic VTOL Yak-41 and Ka-252. Thus, the now almost full-fledged construction real Soviet aircraft carriers, turns back to the category of vague and uncertain prospects. To a question based on the ship light fighters and attack aircraft catapult takeoff and landing aerofinishernoy asked to return with a modified design of the project following the cruisers in this series.
Fairness in this regard as one of the possible reasons for the rejection by the government project in 1160 while the absence of a sufficiently clear image of the domestic carrier concept: its tactical and technical characteristics were set by analogy with TTX U.S. aircraft carriers, although the desired composition of problems solved by these ships was different.
First of all, it concerns the functions of shock national carrier. In spite of the arms ship pr.1160 antiship missile complex "Granit", on airplanes to Air Group was assigned the tasks of attacking enemy surface ships, for which it was provided based Su-24K, and then shock modifications of the Su-27K.
It is obvious that the presence of the aircraft carrier effective missile system (incidentally, these weapons do not have any aircraft carrier, U.S.), and, in the ship's aircraft carrier compound - and other missiles, ship-to-ship, ship arms to attack aircraft was overweight and led only to an increase in tonnage and value of the ship. Besides fighting opportunity to consider a ground attack aircraft were not allowed to deal effectively with the problem of attacking a relatively large ships.In addition, the ship's fighter air group, etc. 1160 - quite modern MiG-23A, and then advanced Su-27K - could not effectively ensure the air defense ship connections, which is the main task of the Soviet aircraft carrier, because the management of their fighting was not the ship aircraft radar patrol and tracking. The primary reason has been determined the development of anti-submarine aircraft P-42, and the creation of its aircraft-based AEW postponed indefinitely.
Despite all these circumstances on the basis of the executed NPKB elaborations on aircraft carriers in the spring of 1976 was accepted by the Government on the design in 1976 - 1977.and construction by 1985 of two nuclear aircraft carriers project 1153. They were named in the documents "large cruisers with air armament, but the concept is not much different from the government rejected the draft 1160.
Big cruiser, etc. 1153 was supposed to displace about 70,000 tons (displacement of RCC type "Kiev" - about 40,000 tons) and equipped with anti-ship missile complex "Granit" Extended to 20 the number of launchers. Compared with the draft 1160, wing craft declined to 50 aircraft. The main types of naval aircraft in the first stage, the lightweight MiG-23K and Su-25K, for take-off which contains two catapults. After 1985 to replace them could come to the new deck aircraft, created based on the Su-27 - shipborne Su-27KI, and Su-27KSH. Creating aviation facilities ships - catapults, arresting gear, emergency barrier - Tasks Minsudproma Proletarian plant in Leningrad (now the chief designer - AA Bulgakov).

Single naval MiG-23K (code "Whirlwind," product "32-31") was projected MSW them.Mikoyan-based "land" of the MiG-23ML and is a development project of the MiG-23A, is being developed as part of aircraft carriers pr.1160. Variable geometry wing of the increased area with a powerful mechanized front and rear edges allowing a good takeoff and landing characteristics of the ship's fighter, and, on the other hand, provide small size aircraft when placing it in the hangar deck and engineering positions cruiser. To ensure the catapult takeoff and landing without aerofinishernoy alignment plane was supposed to get a strengthened landing gear with a knot caught in the catapult shuttle on the front pillar and lowered landing hook. Installing the latest forced designers to abandon the staffing for the production of MiG-23 folding ventral crest.Because of this, was considerably enlarged the area of ​​the main keel.
To improve visibility from the cockpit (viewing angle down has been increased to 15 °) was applied the new besperepletnaya front of the lantern. The modified system bailout was supposed to provide rescue pilot from the water. To increase the thrust-weight ratio fighter he planned to equip the new turbojet engine P-100 Thrust 15,000 kgs, and to increase the range and duration of the loitering aircraft considering the issue of his complete system of in-flight refueling. Marine operating conditions of the MiG-23K dictated stringent requirements for corrosion protection of its structure and systems. In this regard, compared with production of the MiG-23M and MiG-23ML, planned to replace part of the structural materials, to introduce the new coverage and provide a number of specific operational activities.
On weapons control system and the composition of air attack weapons used by the MiG-23K was supposed to unify with the frontline MiG-23ML. The composition of surveillance-aiming system shipborne aircraft entered the radar of the Sapphire-23ML and finders. The primary means of destruction of aerial targets are two medium-range missile K-24 or K-23, two to four short-range missile K-14 or R-13M1 missiles and four melee K-73 or K-60. For the destruction of surface and ground targets, like the MiG-23A, retained missiles X-23, rockets caliber 80 and 240 mm and bombs weighing up to 2000 kg. There was also a built-in gun mount, gun GS-23 caliber 23 mm, which could be supplemented by outboard-caliber gun mount 23 or 30 mm.
Draft design of the MiG-23K was developed in 1977 were simultaneously performed elaboration of a double shipboard combat trainer MiG-23KU and ship supersonic attack aircraft MiG-27KSH, which could be an alternative to subsonic aircraft Su-25K. In the interest of creating the MiG-23K MEM them. Mikoyan In 1975-1976. flying laboratory designed MiG-23BM (MiG-27) № 603, which in 1977 began flight tests to simulate approach to "ship" glide path, includingusing optical landing system, and implementation of planting without justification.
Single ship subsonic attack aircraft catapult off the Su-25K (T-8K) was created by MZ them.Sukhoi by the decision of the CPSU Central Committee and USSR Council of Ministers on 29 June 1976 on the basis of "land" Su-25. The aircraft was designed to attack low-tonnage ships to enemy targets antilanding defense and anti-aircraft radar picket. To meet these challenges, the Su-25K was planned to equip all-weather surveillance and attack system and the guided missile air-to-surface missile with a television and radar guidance. Compared with the base type, the Su-25K introduced strengthened landing gear, landing hook, folding mechanism of the wing and flight refueling system. Apart from the main single version of the Su-25K were worked his double a training modification of Su-25UBK. Draft design of the Su-25K was developed in 1977
Single supersonic vertically flies the Yak-41, the first elaboration of which were made on MMW "Speed" back in 1974, was intended for defense aircraft carriers of aircraft and cruise missiles.During the development of the Yak-41 was considered a large number of different schemes of aircraft, which was based on different principles of creating a vertical thrust propulsion modes for takeoff and landing.
The work was done in two main directions. The first is to equip the aircraft with two up-and-mid-flight turbojet engines with rotating nozzles in separate nacelles under the wing. In addition the fuselage could be placed one or two lifting jet engine. In this case, the resulting thrust vector up-and-propulsion engines with a downward deflection nozzles and hoisting engines on modes of vertical takeoff and landing took place near the center of gravity of the aircraft. In the overall layout of this version is a development of VTOL schemes Yak-45 and Yak-47, designed in the first half of the 70-ies. in the preliminary design contest fourth-generation fighter.
Another trend implies the existence of the Yak-41 single powerful up-and-propulsion engine in the fuselage with a flat nozzle with thrust vector control for the center of gravity of the aircraft between the tail boom, carrying the console vertical and horizontal tail. To increase the vertical component of the traction power plant and ensure the passage of the vector near the center of gravity of the aircraft, options for equipping fighter aircraft extra lift engines in the fuselage (including the forward part of the cockpit) or the so-called remote afterburner in zakabinnom compartment in which dozhigalsya air compressor is taken from a single up-and-propulsion engine. On aerodynamic configuration of these options more in line with the trends embodied in the fourth-generation fighter.
Based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the schemes further design Yak-41 it was decided to carry on the scheme with a strong up-and-march and two additional lift engines in the fuselage. Thus, the concept of providing a vertical takeoff and landing Yak-41 as a whole repeated serial Yak-38. This will only change style engines and increased their thrust: as up-and-cruise was used Developed from the Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Union" turbojet engine with afterburner R79V-300, and as the lift - two established in the Rybinsk Motors, KB turbojet engine RD-48. Rotating axisymmetric jet engine R79V-300 was located between the tail boom fuselage, carrying the tail. High up-and-thrust main engine in afterburner (15500 kg) and advanced aerodynamic airframe Yak-41 had to provide him the maximum flight speed, almost twice the speed of sound.
An important advantage of the Yak-41 Yak-38 before should have been a significant increase in range and radius for the implementation of vertical takeoff, as well as the new regime, called superkorotkim vertically inclined take-off. Yak-41 was planned to equip with the latest sighting and navigation equipment, of which finally came in and onboard radar weapons control system - the same as in the MiG-29. The nomenclature used weapons include guided missiles, air-to-air medium-range K-27 missile and melee K-73, as well as built-gun mount.

... Meanwhile, the Yak-41 it was decided to convert from a multi-purpose shipborne fighter aircraft, has the ability to defeat not only aircraft but also surface targets. For this purpose it was to equip a new weapon control system C-41M, similar to VCS naval MiG-29K. Requirements for maximum speed VTOL eased somewhat, but at the same time his task was to increase the range and maximum payload mass. All this is reflected in the resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and USSR Council of Ministers on the development of a modified multiple vertically ascending Yak-41 M, released in 1985, the term transfer of the aircraft on state tests was determined in 1989

In November 1977 it was decided to build the next TAKR, starting from the fifth, with a view to ensuring based on them not only VTOL Yak-41 and Ka-252, and catapult take-off aircraft such as Su-27K and Su-25K.
In addition, in the beginning of 1978 MSW them. Mikoyan made a proposal to establish on the basis of fourth-generation fighter MiG-29 shipborne aircraft Mig-29K, which was to become the successor designed for use in the ship's air group of the project in 1153 the previous generation fighter MiG-23K, and therefore "inherit" its code - "Whirlwind". It was assumed that the MiG-29K will complement the more difficult and expensive Su-27K, just as it is to be done in the compounds of fighter aircraft the Air Force. From the "land" a prototype of the MiG-29K featured an increased internal fuel capacity, the possibility of under-wing external fuel tanks, a larger number of concurrent suspended medium-range missiles, the replacement of the navigation system, as well as the use of folding wings, strengthened landing gear and brake hook. MMP proposal to them. Mikoyan was accepted, and the MiG-29K was "registered" in the air group of the projected fifth TAKR, received project number 1143.5.
Technical proposal for a heavy aircraft carrier, etc. 1143.5 was developed by April 1978 when you save a sufficiently high degree of continuity with TAKR Project 1143.4, the new ship was supposed to use the new avionics, antiship and antiaircraft missile weapons, destined for the big cruisers of project 1153. Significantly change had flight deck, where there were air-technical means to take off and landing aircraft ordinary scheme - catapults and arrester. For boiler-turbine installation project TAKR 1143.5 corresponded to ships under construction project 1143.4.
The maximum size of the air group on the draft of the new cruiser was 42 naval aircraft (LAC), including 18-28 aircraft and 14 helicopters. At the same time provides the following configuration options for its aircraft: 28 Yak-41, 18 Su-27K, 28 MiG-29K, 16, Yak-41 and 12 MiG-29K.Instead, the MiG-29K was possible equipment Air Group ship ship light attack aircraft Su-25K in the same amount. However, the reorientation of the air group TAKR on the tasks exclusively defense cruiser and led them to warrant led to the end of 70-ies. the use of it Stormers Su-25K refused. As a result of the work on Su-25K gradually disappeared completely ceased by 1980
To control the fighting naval fighter aircraft in the air group decided to include turboprop aircraft radar picket and guidance Yak-44RLD. Developing it in 1979 has been set MEM "Speed." In the future, based AEW aircraft intended to create, and other modifications, in particular anti-submarine aircraft Yak-44PL.
Helicopter fleet TAKR 1143.5 is proposed to construct the project based on the KA-252 helicopters (Ka-27) of different modifications: the anti-Ka-252PL (K-27), search and rescue of Ka-252PS (Ka-27PS) and radar picket Ka-252RLD .
After a thorough review of materials and technical proposals for the project TAKR 1143.5, October 13, 1978 issued a decree of the CPSU Central Committee and USSR Council of Ministers, instructing NPKB developed in 1979-1980. conceptual and technical projects of this ship, and Navy and Air Force to prepare tactical and technical requirements for the project TAKR 1143.5, and tactical and technical requirements for the LAC to the air group. Lead ship construction project 1143.5 in the Black Sea shipyard ordered to begin in 1980
Preliminary design of the ship was headed NPKB O. Efimov (before that - deputy chief designer of the cruiser and head pr.1153 avant-design work on TAKR ave 1143.5). In the summer of 1979, after the transition Efimova to work in the ministry, he was succeeded by AB Morin, and at the end of that year, project chief designer 1143.5 became chief NPKB VF Anikiev.Development of general arrangement drawing vehicle (as well as for projects 1160 and 1153) was carried out under the direction of GG Pavlova, and all work associated with air armament cruiser, headed in NPKB Head of Aviation and hardware OK Surkov ( further - deputy chief designer of the project 1143.5).
In parallel with the design of the spacecraft in the design offices of the Ministry of Aviation Industry was being developed aircraft to equip its air group.
Preliminary design ship Su-27K (Su-27KI) Manufacturing Plant. Sukhoi prepared in 1978 for a basis was Su-27, still in the original version of the layout (T-10), the year before that was released for flight tests. Deck Su-27K is equipped with two AL-31F engines thrust of 12,500 kg, was supposed to have a normal take-off weight (without weapons) 22 800 kg, and maximum (with rockets "air-to-air) - 26 600 kg. Maximum ammunition included two aircraft missiles melee K-73 and six medium-range missiles K-27E, and 150 rounds cannon built-in installation TKB-687. With the load of fuel tanks, equal to 7,680 kg, the range of the Su-27K could make 1150-1270 km, and the duration of patrols at a distance of 250 km from the ship - at least 2 h. In comparison with "ground" prototype, the Su-27K was equipped with folding wing, reinforced chassis, brake hook, and special navigation equipment. With its construction provided for the implementation of several measures to further corrosion protection design, propulsion and equipment.
In addition to the basic version - the ship's fighter Su-27KI - designed modification ship Su-27KSH, as well as scout-designator and aircraft radar picket ship and guidance to review the radar in a "bowl" above the fuselage.
Su-27K superior MiG-29K for a normal and maximum takeoff weight of almost 1.5-fold, and stock up on fuel in internal tanks - almost double that provided to him by 1,5 times greater range.The same tactical radius and time loitering MiG-29K could reach only with suspension of additional fuel tanks - one under the fuselage and two under the wing, which reduces the already not so rich ammunition missile air-to-air missiles. Firepower of the Su-27K was significantly superior "moment": along with the same 30-mm cannon with 150 rounds ammunition and the same two missiles melee K-73 "dry" took on board six medium-range missiles AK-27, while the MiG-29K - four (and when a PTB - just two), and, unlike the latter, it provided the use of so-called energy "versions of these missiles - K-27E with an increased range of start-up. The price of everything these benefits were large size and cost of the Su-27K, which limits the number of fighters in the air group ship.
For long-range radar detection of surface and air targets and battle management naval fighter aircraft in the air group TAKR Ave 1143.5 planned to have several aircraft AEW. In accordance with Government Resolution of 1979, by November of that year, the Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Speed", which was still headed by the patriarch of the domestic aviation chief designer Alexander Yakovlev, has prepared a technical proposal for the Yak-44RLD. It considered two alternative radio-set: "Torch" (with vnutrifyuzelyazhnyh placement of antennas - one in the forward fuselage and the second - in the tail) and "Quantum" (with antenna Surveillance radar in a rotating radome on the fuselage). As a result of coordination with the customer, for further implementation was selected aircraft with the RTC, "Torch", which was fixed by government decree 7 May 1982 to build TAKR Ave 1143.5 and the creation of aircraft for its air group.
According to the original chosen scheme, the Yak-44RLD was equipped with a combined power plant, comprising two mid-flight turbo engine under the wing and four lifting turbojet in the fuselage. Last run on takeoff and landing, and served to reduce the rate of separation of aircraft from the deck of the ship and setting it on the landing. Thus, Yakovlev tried to bring on a heavy turboprop aircraft with takeoff weight of 28 tons, the same idea of ​​providing a shorter run and run, that is implemented on the ship's jet attack aircraft Yak-38 and the future of the ship's fighter Yak-41 on modes of WRC and landing slip. In this case, according to calculations developers, the length of runway with a springboard start-turboprop aircraft AEW could meet the required 150-200 m. The estimated cruising speed of Yak-44RLD was 450 km / h and duration of patrols - about 5 hours radio complexes Yak-44RLD intended for the organization of air defense aircraft carrier and accompanying naval group. He was supposed to detect enemy planes in the air at a distance of 150-200 km from the ship, to direct them to their own carrier-based fighter.Detection range of surface targets could exceed 300 km. Fly a plane and its radio complexes crew of only three people.
However, placement in the fuselage of the Yak-44RLD four lift engines and the need to have them on board for an additional supply of fuel caused great difficulties in the layout of blocks of radio engineering complex on the plane: the free volume and a valid payload is manifestly insufficient. In addition, a number of problems encountered and developers RTC "Torch." In this regard, despite the support provided by the project Yak-44RLD military, its development was carried out extremely slowly and, after retiring Yakovlev and destination responsible leader EDO A.A.Le-Winski, and did come to a deadlock. As a result, in March 1983 it was decided to stop designing Yak-44RLD and instruct Kyiv mechanical factory, which was still headed by Chief Designer Oleg Antonov, the development of alternative project shipborne radar patrol aircraft.
This decision determined that the Antonov Design Bureau in 1982 was projected on the basis of tactical military transport aircraft An-72 army aircraft An-71 AEW. As a prototype, this car had the original layout of two turbojet engines - in nacelles above the wing. Such a scheme, which implements the so-called Coanda effect associated with the blowing of the jet engines of the wing and its mechanization, was designed to provide a significant increase in takeoff and landing characteristics of aircraft. Radar antenna radio complexes Kvant was placed at the AN-71 in the "bowl" at the top of the keel, which, for this was "overwhelmed" forward and had a negative sweep as the back, and on the leading edge. To increase the thrust-weight ratio than the two modified turbofan engines D-436K An-71 was equipped with a booster (booster) turbojet engine RD-38A. OK Antonov offered to do deck AEW aircraft An-71 K on the basis of "land" AN-71, although the military insisted on the priority of deck options. To ensure the take-off An-71 to the deck of his intended to equip not one but by three booster RD-38A.
Preliminary design to the An-71 was released in autumn 1984, when the General Designer of the Kyiv bureau has already PV Balabuev. As a result of its consideration of the customer came to the conclusion that the geo-
trical size and take-off weight AN-71K makes it extremely problematic location on the ship. In this regard, in October 1984 Yakovlev Design Bureau was requested to resume work on the Yak-44RLD based on new construction-assembly scheme without lifting turbojet engine, but with new propfan engines, more power which would provide him with a short takeoff ship-jumping. A new variant of the Yak-44RLD was to equip the RTC Kvant the antenna system in a "bowl" above the fuselage.
Development of the An-71 K in 1985 was stopped, and the Yakovlev Design Bureau. Antonov has focused its efforts on establishing his "land" analog. In accordance with the decision of the CPSU Central Committee and USSR Council of Ministers on January 9, 1984, in 1985-1986. in Kiev, built three prototypes Army AEW aircraft An-71, two of which were flight-tested in 1985-1990. By the end of 90-ies. planned to transfer to Air Force and a half dozen such planes.
Some of the functions of ship AEW aircraft could take the Ka-252RLD (future Ka-31) in development since the late 70's. on Ukhtomskiy Helicopter Plant. NI Kamov-based ship-transport-combat helicopter Ka-252TB (KA-29). However, he did not provide problem solving guidance fighters at air targets, and could only be used for tracking surface ships, ship's targeting missiles, detect and track low-flying aircraft, helicopters and cruise missiles. In this regard, according to experts engaged in research development support, etc. TAKR 1143.5 and nail him, naval fighter aircraft could be effectively applied only when the on-board aircraft carrier specialized aircraft AEW.

R & D PROJECT BASED shipborne fighter SU-27

In 1972,

from the book "Su-27. Beginning"

Since 1969, the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the USSR officially was under development for the Soviet Navy aircraft carrier project in 1160 (code "Eagle"). Prime contractor works on SMEs is the team Nevsky Design Bureau (NPKB). It was envisaged that the new ship will be in the Navy of the USSR the first "full" aircraft carrier, which provides the possibility of basing aircraft with "normal", ie horizontal take-off by catapult and landing "on an aircraft, with inhibition by arresting gear. Naturally, the carrier was necessary to develop specialized, deck aircraft. At the initial stage of the aircraft armament carrier, etc. 1160 guidance of MAP was defined as follows: fighters MiG-23 attack aircraft Su-24, specialized anti-submarine aircraft P-42 (OKB Beriev) and type helicopters Ka-252 a total of about 60-70 aircraft. In line with the MAP, the Sukhoi Design Bureau, of course, were pre-project elaboration on deck version of the Su-24, but the proposed solution to the problem was not satisfied with the developer. The problem was that the level of mass-dimensional characteristics of the Su-24 by that time did not provide acceptable takeoff and landing characteristics of aircraft in a ship-based. Therefore, in 1971, as a result of prior consultation with designers, shipbuilders, EDO PO Sukhoi has offered to replace aircraft such as Su-24 aboard the aircraft carrier in the multi deck aircraft based on the PFI (future Su-27 - paralay ), work on that at this point just deployed in the firm. This proposal was agreed with the customer, and as a result, have been adjusted accordingly situation ready-made solution.
The solution of the MIC, under which a number of EDB was given the task of MAP project preparation carrier-based aircraft, was taken June 5, 1971. In accordance with this document, EDO PO Dry instructed to develop a preliminary design of ship variants of PFI, and Air Force - to issue the appropriate bureau TTT to the aircraft. The solution of the MIC was duplicated by the relevant departmental order of MAP from 24 June 1971, according to which the bureau defines the date for submission of preliminary design materials in the 1 st quarter of 1972. But the Air Force, after consultation with the aviation fleet during the period from June 1971 to January 1972, was given not one, but as much as 4 TTZ: stand for the fighter, heavy fighter, ground attack and reconnaissance - designator. Thus, the bureau had to develop not one but a whole family of naval aircraft. At the same time, as noted above, in this moment corrects the position of the Air Force about the structure of the fleet of fighter aircraft, so the timing works on the preliminary design of ship variants of the Su-27 also had significantly shifted.
Work on the ship's fighter given the designation "Buran", and EDB were under the code T-12, T-11 and T-10K. Lead designer of the OKB on this topic has been appointed representative of projects, SB Smirnov, who jokingly became known as "Buran Borisovich." It is interesting to note that at the initial stage of the project works in 100 department was once again held a kind of contest. To do this, except for group VI Antonov to design aircraft ship hooked 100-3 brigade, led by L. Bondarenko. Its representatives Y. Davydov and SV Elistratov in the period from April to October 1972 have developed and released several options for alternative arrangements of ship-based aircraft. Among them were very exotic, but a detailed consideration of the direction of work is beyond the scope of this book and will be performed separately. Here we only note that the conclusions of the preliminary design developed based on an integrated circuit plane, base served as the layout of the T10 / 3, the most well-designed by August 1972. In this case, all 4 versions, given in accordance with TTZ, differed only in linking the forward fuselage. Common to all variants were the design features associated with the need based and operated from the deck of an aircraft carrier, such as:
-Strengthening of landing gear for takeoff by catapult and landing without alignment, the use of the front landing gear Sparky wheels, a telescopic support schemes and places of attachment for a steam catapult shuttle;
-Installation in the rear fuselage lowered landing hook, designed to engage a cable arresting gear;
-Folding wing panels to ensure minimum aircraft storage hangar on the deck;
Otherwise, the deck version of the fighter, designated Su-27K (code "Molniya-1), virtually indistinguishable from the base" land "Su-27. Deck Su-28K (code "Storm") is a 2-local modification of the ship's aircraft was equipped with a tandem cockpit crew members and, unlike a fighter specialized weapons control system (VCS), with a different set of equipment, providing a wide range of applications managed by means of destruction on sea and land targets. Based on the Su-28K was developed specialized modification of the Su-28KRTS (code Vympel), intended for aerial reconnaissance in the interests of shock combined fleets targeting and delivery of the main missile weapons carrier - anti-missile systems of "Granit" development of the Central Design Bureau of Machine Building (CDBMB Designer General VN Chelomei). The latest in this model range is the option of heavy two-seater Su-29K (code Molniya-2 "), equipped as the main armament, SD air-to-air long-range-type K-33 being developed for intercepting e-155MP.
Preliminary results of the elaboration of the ship version of the Su-27, among other issues discussed at the Joint Scientific and Technical Council of MAP and ICP, held in conjunction with the Ministry of Defence (Air Force and Navy) in early June 1972 and dedicated to the preliminary design review in 1160 the aircraft carrier, etc. . The final preliminary design materials on the "Buran" were designed in the bureau by the end of 1972, after which they were sent for consideration in the MAP. However, due to the uncertainty of the state of aircraft carrier project 1160, further development of this area of ​​research in this period of time has not received.

--------------------

On the "floating airfields" in the ocean dreaming of the USSR.

But whether Russia to raise them?

Viktor Patrushev

About the author: Viktor Patrushev - Vice Admiral, PhD.

The policy of the Russian Federation in the field of naval activities in the period up to 2010 (article 12 paragraph 4 (b) of section "Priority Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of naval activities and measures for their implementation) provides for" the construction of multi-purpose submarines and surface ships, including aircraft carriers, with increased combat capabilities, equipped with precision-strike missile and antisubmarine weapons, means of defense, effective aviation complex for various purposes ... "

Consequently, there is no need to prove the country's leadership, the Ministry of Defence aircraft carrier the right to exist in the Russian Navy (as was the case for nearly 50 years in the Soviet Union).

That abroad?

U.S. being finished nine nuclear aircraft carrier of the type "Nimitz" - CVN-76 Ronald Reagan, "which will replace the aircraft carrier Constellation after its planned write-offs in 2003 Thus, in the U.S. Navy would still have 12 powerful multi-purpose aircraft carriers.

Over the next 20 years will be a transition to the next generation of aircraft carriers - CVNX - based on the phased development of naval projects, development of weapons and technical equipment following three planned to build a "floating airfields".

The UK has as part of their Navy three light aircraft carrier of the type "Invincible" displacement of 20 thousand tons each. In 2012 and 2015. within the framework of strategic defense (SDR) is planned to build two larger ships with a displacement of 50 tons. They are scheduled to arm-deck version of the aircraft JSF (F-35).

France after the completion of the nuclear aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle, had already cost the state treasury $ 12 billion, is considering the introduction of the Navy until 2015 the second ship of the same class.

Italy in addition to the adoption in 1985 by Giuseppe Garibaldi's plans in 2007 to enter service by Luigi Enaudi - light aircraft carrier of the new type. The ship has a so-called hybrid naval architecture, weapons and equipment that meet various requirements to ensure both operational use and maintenance of deck aircraft, and action as amphibious assault ship. It is significant that the country that is a configuration and geography of the peninsula - a kind of "unsinkable aircraft carrier" for the water areas of the Adriatic, Ionian and Tyrrhenian seas - however hard develops carrier-based program.

China retains the desire to have in the Navy aircraft carrier. Perhaps it will be aircraft-carrying cruiser type "Admiral Kuznetsov". Or the Chinese will build its own aircraft carrier with a displacement of about 40 tons. With the continuing rapid growth of economic and military power Celestial solution to this problem would soon be her on the shoulder.

Japan, adhering to the restrictions of post-war Constitution, nonetheless said the construction of a new destroyer with a displacement of 13 thousand tons, with capacity to an aircraft carrier. Some of their characteristics are inherent in amphibious ships such as "Ohsumi.

Brazil, seeking to become the dominant naval power of the continent and the South Atlantic region, has acquired the French aircraft carrier Foch Marshal "and conducts its modernization in Toulon.

The task is daunting but doable

Consequently, the majority of developed coastal States and regional powers, realizing the importance of the XXI century. The oceans, its economic potential, increasing its sea power, including the construction of aircraft carriers. And often experts believe is enough to have a relatively small (capacity of up to 50 thousand tons) vessels of this class and minimally sufficient quantities. This conclusion (based on a number of factors) is quite acceptable for Russia.

The Russian public is periodically notified the media about the achievements of the domestic shipbuilding industry, for admission to the Navy next "ship of the XXI century". But they were all designed and built at the shipyards back in Soviet times and only completed. Instead, the current Russian shipbuilding designed and built at the shipyards of St. Petersburg until only a single warship project 20,080 new and previously was available in the Classification Division of the Navy surface ships (or type) "corvette".

Meanwhile, the Soviet Union, the duration of the final phase of design (technical plus working project) and construction of the cerebral warship subclasses "cruiser" or "destroyer" (BOD) was generally 5-6 years. In Russia this period increased substantially for all classes and types of ships.For example, underwater missile cruiser Yury Dolgoruky built more than 10 years, and when over it vzovetsya Andrew's flag - is unknown. Reasons? Effects of the economic recession in the country, the collapse of the shipbuilding cooperation, lack of funding needs.

Over the past 10 years, had no adequate financial and material support for the Russian Navy dilapidated and write off as being on the stocks ships because of the impossibility of completion, and - in advance - unsecured ship repair ships out of service because of insecurity repair budget financing. Only in 1998 was premature, "had gone to rest" more than 60 ships of the oceanic zone.

To maintain the current strength of the ship the Navy, subject to earn a timely replacement service "units", shipbuilding Russia should deliver at least a year, not less than ten ships of ocean and distant sea areas of action, as well as a number of "small" and Offshore vessels and boats.Otherwise, by 2010-2015. country may simply lose the Navy.

But building an aircraft carrier takes a long time. For example, in France (a country with not very weak economy and a well-developed shipbuilding) "birth" of Charles de Gaulle "lasted almost 14 years.

Russia is now unlikely to build an aircraft carrier (even more so - the lead ship) rather quickly, as there will again recreate the shipbuilding, vooruzhencheskie cooperation with the involvement of the vast number of enterprises (over thousands of them, for example, participates in the creation of much smaller size of modern ships). Therefore, it is extremely important to put an end finally with the red tape in the development and approval of the consolidated program of military shipbuilding and ship-building for the defense needs of the Russian Federation, which must include a list of companies - its members. Need to identify and funding sources. Complex task, and with them, certainly not cope in the current decade. This means that the duration of the Basic Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of naval activities in the period up to 2010 and some fragments of the document, apparently, already in need of correction.

Given the current conditions right now to begin designing the first (head), an aircraft carrier and its "filling" (ie, units, equipment, weapons and the infrastructure required), as well as technological training companies to participate in the creation of a modern ship. All of this is difficult, but still quite doable. In the shipbuilding design organizations of the former union Minsudproma accumulated and, hopefully, preserved an enormous and invaluable material for the design of different options aircraft carriers, which facilitates the solution of the problem.

Shipbuilders and ship's armament specialists are well aware that the economically more advantageous to start building a series of at least three or four ships. Conducted in 1970-1980-ies. studies have established that our country needs at least four carriers - two on the Northern and Pacific fleets. Only in this case, the data operative strategic alliances will be able to address their diverse forces set (typical) of the problem in the form of naval operations, but only a limited scale, in areas beyond the reach of the coast, primarily aircraft (and anti-aircraft), covering forces and support .

Only nuclear

We must also determine the shape of the future aircraft carrier while in the most general terms.

Equip their fleets of ships atomic power plants (NPP) prefer the state, claiming the technology of production, technical maintenance and repair of naval nuclear reactors. Those few countries including Russia. Benefits ship NPP compared to conventional steam power, gas turbine and diesel (diesel-electric), primarily in the fact that you can ever give up and forget about the tankers with the increasingly rising in price fuel depots and fuel depot. Forget about permanent repair of outdated, unreliable in operation and often going down at the most inconvenient or critical time of traditional gas turbine and, especially, steam power plants with their boiler management.

In favor of choice for ship nuclear power plants say the following factors and circumstances. As is known, the length of maritime borders of Russia is 38.8 km (for comparison - the length of the land border - 14,5 thousand sq. km) area of ​​the continental shelf of 4.2 million square meters.km. Throughout the maritime boundary extends 200-mile exclusive economic zone area of ​​over 6,3 million square meters. km, which should ensure the sovereign rights and jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the protection of its interests.

In these giant marine and oceans must be constantly or periodically (on call, with aggravation of the situation, etc.) to be force of the Navy, ships of various destinations, classes, types, including aircraft carriers. That is why, given the increasingly growing in the near future shortage of fossil fuel ship, will have to admit no alternative to an atomic power plant for naval shipbuilding developed, industrially and economically States over the next several decades. Recent advances in nuclear energy, the technical level of design development enable you to create nuclear power plants for the equipment of virtually all ships with a displacement of 1 thousand tons.

Of course, marine NPP require high culture of service, strict observance of nuclear safety requirements (design, operational, environmental, etc.) This experience and, most importantly, the system of exploitation of nuclear power plants in the Navy and the icebreaker fleet of the country are available.

Aircraft absurdity

The most important factor is the number of members of the fleet and the types of its aircraft. And this is perhaps one of the main challenges for the construction of Russian aircraft carriers.

Here I would like to draw attention to an event that occurred April 26, 2002 The fact that the armament of the new aircraft carrier will use the plane 5-th generation. Results of the competition to develop it summed up a year ago, a government commission on military-industrial issues. She chose predeskiznye elaboration, that is, the so-called preliminary design submitted by the Sukhoi Design Bureau. Strange but true: the decision to allocate huge sums of money made on the basis of only a preliminary design competition, rather than the more reasonable and well-developed, due to the "seeker" draft, as suggested by some participants of the competition, the leadership of the Air Force and the Defense Ministry.

Future aircraft Sukhoi Design Bureau at the stated preliminary design takeoff weight of 23 tons has dimensions of heavy fighter U.S. 5 th generation F-22 takeoff weight is 35 tons. This means that in the further development of machines taking into account domestic avionics, as well as equipping its engines, short takeoff and vertical landing aircraft weight can be compared with the weight of the F-22.

However, the submitted PAK FA Machine Design Bureau. AI Mikoyan with the stated takeoff weight of 19 tons, has overall dimensions of a light aircraft the United States' fifth-generation "JSF (F-35), weighing 23 tons. But most importantly, that this Mikoyan aircraft with similar performance of the MiG-29K, which will feature planned for sale in India aircraft carrier "Admiral Gorshkov" (a normal takeoff weight of 18.5 tons, range 2000 km, and with drop tanks - 3000 km). This lightweight multi-purpose modern carrier-based fighter capable of hitting air, sea and ground targets, actually belongs to a generation "4 +". On the "Admiral Gorshkov" can accommodate more than 24 such machines.

Thus, the estimated future aircraft carrier with a displacement of 40-50 thousand tons will be based 40-50 aircraft, similar to the JSF (or MiG-29K), or only 15-20 cars with the characteristics of the F-22. The difference in the combat capabilities of these aviakrylev obvious.Let me remind you that the U.S. plan to use as a deck on his aircraft carrier was a light aircraft 5-th generation of JSF (F-35), but not heavy F-22.

--------------

Exotic designs aircraft carriers

"... It was the exploration projects, compared to types of buildings and finding new solutions to TTZ displacement of 16,500 tons has been set and the complete freedom of design thought. 
The length of the deck to the different variants was approximately 140 to 225 meters, the elongated single-Mercury, who is also the most successful, it will fit, and a small underdeck hangar and basing more aircraft than in the multihull options. 
2 & 3 Corps variant, more width deck, evidently better navigability, but the hangar contain only very small and in the superstructure. Only a Northern PKB, NPKB such small things are not engaged.
At UC-141 as I remember the short run is 60-120 m below the deck are visible and kroilas "..."

"... Single-hull ship model project" Mercury "under the Yak-141. North PKB. Elaboration went from zero and the North PKB and Nevsky PKB, the North proposed 3 options, 1, 2, and 3 Corps, at Nevsky all embodied in the amphibious assault ship pr.11780 UDKD. Nevsky PKB continued development of BDK pr.1174 applying technical solutions to pr.1143

In photos aircraft carrier refraction "Dolphin" in doublecase and trehkorpusnom embodiment, the ship was designed to Northern Design Bureau since 1986. by promising the Yak-141. chief designer of AK Shnyrov length less 200metrov, so talking about a normal takeoff aircraft with him not even discussed. Work on the project were terminated with the completion of the Yak-141.
Unfortunately this is all information that is, the ship was designed as a small and inexpensive.
Another interesting fact, below-deck hangar there, just because of multihull design, because it sheds can be seen in the superstructure, it turns all that on board fits and will air group. According to my calculations turned 14LA
Length if the proportions of the Yak-141 take, then I go 170 meters.

Universal dock landing ship pr.11780 UDKD. Nevsky PKB.
Broken flight deck, 200h25 meters 
Armament 1x2 AK-130 air defense missile system "Dagger" 3 OHR, SPAR "Dirk" 2pcs, 
Ka-29 12 pcs. or Yak-38 Yak-141.
GEMs boiler-turbine plant, similar pr.956
Landing craft air cushion DKAVP.
The project was repeatedly changed, and the final version remained without YAK-38/YAK-141,
But the expected appointment of anti-submarine ship after replacing the Ka-29 Ka-27. The finished project was granted to the General Staff, where he soon lost interest.
The project is privately called "IvanTarava" for the fact that in the original form of appointments and tasks like the American UDC "Tarawa »...."

Thank you very much DenisKA for the information provided.

http://forums.airbase.ru/viewtopic.php?id=52349

ASW helicopter project 10200 "Halzan. Technical Project CDB Chernomorsudoproekt, 1980.

Winged aircraft carrier, "2500." The project provides the average wing chord of 250 m, which increased the height of the display of flight up to 150-200 meters, and made the flight is safer than lighter and low-altitude (up to 5 m) ekranoplans. A similar project called "seconds" was developed in the CDB for the SPC under the leadership of R. Alekseev. On the upper deck of a flying model side by side installed two MiG-25

Nuclear heavy aircraft carrying cruiser.

In Russia will build nuclear aircraft carriers

Chief of the Navy, Russian Navy Admiral Vladimir Masorin considers it necessary to have a future in the battle of the Navy aircraft carriers and nuclear power. 
"We are developing the future shape of an aircraft carrier with the active participation of science and industry. However, it is clear that it will be nuclear aircraft carrier with a displacement of 50 tons," - said the commander in chief on Saturday. 
"We anticipate that it will be based on the order of 30 aircraft - airplanes and helicopters.

Gromada, who build the U.S. Navy, with basing up to 100-130 aircraft and helicopters, we construct will not "- said Masorin. 
He stressed that only now the Russian Navy aircraft carrier 'Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov' serve at least until 2015. 'Generally, we expect that the period of its operation since the construction will last for up to 30 years, and when he' retires', will take place this aircraft carrier, the lead ship of a new project.

The plans of the construction of six aircraft carriers battle groups before 2060.

This will be possible if one of three conditions:

1. complete displacement of the ship no more than 16,500 tons.

2. new ship enters into service after the failure of the previous one.

3. expanding the boundaries of the Russian Federation.

According to the forecast of expected military-technical potential of Russia country can afford to build two aircraft carriers with a displacement of 50000 tons .

On the last of the public images shows the carrier commensurate with TAKR Kuznetsov, a flight deck width of approximately 90 meters (at 1143.5 - 70 meters).

A relatively small air wing, only 30 - 34 aircraft, most likely represented a further development ofthe Su-33KUB or PAKFA . Despite the planned use of the double folding of the wing on the Su-33KUB , this car remains the biggest deck fighter in the world of aviation and of course this will affect the "wing" aircraft carrier. We also consider the possibility of equipping the ship aircraft and MiG-29K KUB or LMFI (twin), which would bring the air group of up to 50 aircraft.

Not excluded by the good old tradition and equipped with cruise missiles of long range.Prospective subsonic ASM vertical launch with a range of 1500 km (version X-101 or new hypersonic PKR) will hit the air-shock group of the enemy before entering the coverage area of its carrier-based aircraft, since the radius of the main striking force of U.S. aircraft carriers F/A- 18E / F does not exceed 760 km, and F-35 - 1100 km. The gain in weight of missiles, compared with supersonic, allows you to put on board a 32 - 40 pcs.

Anti-missile system is based on a set of S-400 missiles and 9M96E with a range of 40 km and 9M96E2 with a range of 120 km. Or forward-looking C-500 work which is already underway.

As a means of short-range self-defense can be used omoryachenny SPAR Pantsir.

ATAKR "Moscow"

founded                     in 2009.

commissioned in         2015.

ATAKR "Saint Petersburg"

founded in 2011.

in the fleet is not completed (?)

arms 384 of the universal installation of vertical launch.

                                    32 - 40 ASM

                                    8 SPAR

displacement of 50000 tons

wing:

       initial           

                                    36 MiG-29K/KUB

                                     4  AEW BAS-62

                                    10  Ka-65 ASW

      Perspective

                                    24  PAK-FA T-50

                                    24  UAV

                                      4  AEW BAS-62

                                    10  Ka-65 ASW

Aircraft carrier of the new generation is expected to have full two runways, ship equipment is optimized to work with aircraft of the fifth and sixth generation. Take off and landing VTOL aircraft, as well as conventional aircraft take-off is carried out with a nasal strip, landing at the last feeding strip. Home AWACS aircraft carried out with a catapult.

27.02.09 - Named parameters of the Russian aircraft carrier

new generation
 

Next-generation aircraft carrier for the Navy of Russia will be nuclear and have a displacement of up to 60 thousand tons , told RIA Novosti on Friday, head of the state defense order of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), Vice-Admiral Anatoly helmets.
In the battle of the Russian Navy is currently the only aircraft carrier "Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov, which has a displacement of 55,000 tons.
"Scientists and engineers have already begun work on a model for the future of the ship, determined by its appearance. Develops requirements, tactical and technical assignments, conduct technical advice. So far determined that it will be nuclear and have a displacement of about 50 - 60 thousand tons", - said the helmets .
According to him, the aircraft carrier will be based new carrier-based aircraft that will replace the existing Su-33 today. "This will be fifth-generation aircraft with a classic horizontal takeoff and landing" - the admiral said.
In addition to aircraft and helicopters on a new aircraft carrier will be based and unmanned aircraft, whose development has already begun in Russia, in particular, concern the Vega .
Helmets also said that the new aircraft carrier will not be stationed cruise missiles, as it was in previous aircraft-carrying cruiser.
"We reject the placement of missiles, because the ship has to serve its intended purpose. If it's an aircraft carrier, then all construction vehicle must be developed for basing and overflights, which themselves are the bearers of the shock weapons" , - said Vice-Admiral.
Planned to build at least three ships for basing on the Northern and Pacific fleets.
"Conceptually, it is planned to have in the future, one in the North and the Far East, and the third will have the opportunity to undergo scheduled maintenance" , - said the helmets.
He did not rule out that in future the number of aircraft carriers will be increased to six units, depending on the goals and capabilities of the national economy.
Remains an open question about the construction site of the vessel, as earlier in the capacity of Russian shipyards, ships of this type were built than ever.
"We consider two options: Baltic Shipyard and Sevmash." Baltic Shipyard has experience in building civilian vessels up to 100 thousand tons, Sevmash has experience in building ships with nuclear power plant. Wins best quality and less expensive project "- said helmets.
He recalled that during his visit in October last year Severomorsk head of state, Dmitry Medvedev instructed the Defence Ministry to develop a program to build aircraft carriers to begin to create them in the coming years. He expressed the hope that by 2015, will be out for results.The president urged to rapidly determine the place of production of new aircraft carriers.
Earlier, Chief of Navy Russian Admiral Vladimir Vysotsky, told RIA Novosti that in the future on the Northern and Pacific fleets will be created five - six carrier battle groups. According to him, the Navy command had decided to build not just carriers for these fleets, and naval aircraft-carrier system in which both ships and aircraft, and shore and sea, and space to interact in a single system.
"It is now going research work on the first ship will be followed by professional R & D stage," - said the admiral.
Chairman of the Federation Council on the Marine National Policy, former commander of the Northern Fleet, Admiral Vyacheslav Popov said earlier RIA Novosti that Sevmash is one of the main contenders to build aircraft carriers for the Navy of Russia. He recalled that, at present, Sevmash is working on upgrading the aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov for the Indian Navy.According to Popov, the modernization of the Admiral Gorshkov "is an invaluable experience for the plant and a strong argument to win the competition.
The Director-General Sevmash Nicholas Kalistratov told RIA Novosti about the readiness of the plant to build new aircraft carriers with a displacement of 70 - 80 thousand tons. At the same time he stressed that to improve the efficiency of production is necessary to re-equipment company to introduce new technology. As an example, he reported that Sevmash has already found a new berth plate for aircraft carrier "Admiral Gorshkov" at their own expense. This plate may also be used in the construction of the new Russian aircraft carriers.
By his estimation, the cost of this class of aircraft carrier in the world market is about $ 4 billion
Program director for the complexes with unmanned aerial vehicles Concern Vega Rear Admiral Arkady Syroezhko told RIA Novosti that the Navy Russia is extremely interested in UAVs such as intelligence. According to him, the Navy no longer wants to have closed his eyes. He believes that an additional incentive to create a sea-based unmanned vehicles is declared in Russia began construction of advanced aircraft carriers. He has no doubt that in addition to traditional aircraft and helicopters on the deck of the ship will accommodate the newest Sea UAVs, including the concern of the Vega.
In the battle of the Russian Navy's only aircraft carrier "Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov, which is service to the Northern Fleet. This ship was built in 1985, it is based on more than 50 airplanes and helicopters. In addition to the standard sea-based multi-role fighters Su-33, "Admiral Kuznetsov" is Ka-29 and their modifications. Displacement of an aircraft carrier, is 55 thousand tons, range - eight thousand miles, the crew of 1500 people, of whom 650, - aircrew. Vehicle Speed ​​- 29 knots. Are armed with anti-complex "Granit" air defense "Dagger," "Blade," anti-systems "BoA".

 Carriers for Russia

By 2017, the water will be launched a new aircraft carrier

Russian Navy Commander Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov announced plans to enter the year 2017 in a combat fleet of new aircraft carrier. The project will develop a new aircraft carrier by 2010, and by 2016-2017 years, he has become part of the Northern Fleet.
In addition, the planned construction of another aircraft carrier, but for the Pacific Fleet. Three years later, to deck aircraft will also have developed a new multi-purpose aircraft.

Source: Web server "KMNews.ru"

In Russia, the work begins to develop advanced aircraft carrier 
 

Navy Russia proceeds to develop a model project of prospective carriers, told Interfax-AVN, "Navy Commander Admiral Vladimir Kuroyedov. 
"Since 2005, we started to design a new aircraft carrier - said Vladimir Kuroyedov. - After 2010 began to build." 
However, he ducked the question on the size of these ships, but joked: "The more the better." 
"If you seriously, which is why we are developing a design program involving scientists and leading experts in order to know exactly what options we need, what materials and weapons, as well as the number of members" - said the commander in chief. 
Earlier, V. Kuroyedov told reporters that, according to the plans of command of the fleet, to 2016-2017 years new carrier has become part of the Northern Fleet. "W. Kuroyedov added that the planned construction of another aircraft carrier, but for the Pacific Fleet. "The future of carrier-based aircraft there. And after a few years we will see a new multi-purpose aircraft, "- said Chief

Moscow. May 15. Interfax-AVN.

In Severodvinsk will be constructed dry dock to build aircraft carriers.

 
Creating Severodvinsk-built-trigger complex with a dry dock 420h100h14 m in order to ensure the public interest in maritime activities on construction and repair of large ships and ships of today is a necessity. This was stated on the sea-board at the head of the Arkhangelsk Region Administration Chief Engineer of the "Star" Oleg Frolov.
According to him, the estimated construction cost of open dry dock will be 572 million dollars and closed - $ 750 million. Payback dock, taking into account the investment period is approximately 8 years. Profitability of production - 10.8%. It is estimated that construction together with the development of design estimates will be approximately 7 years. Capital investments for the construction of the dock will be 9,379 million rubles, including the state budget funds - 8.8 billion rubles.
According to Oleg Frolov, Severodvinsk has been selected for this building because it has a high concentration of companies providing construction and maintenance of strategic and attack submarines, as well as high technical level of existing production facilities, availability of production facilities and free premises for such a facility at Territory Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Star". In 1993-1994, by decision of the Main Department of the shipbuilding industry were carried out engineering-geological surveys, which showed that the most apt place to construct a dry dock is just Severodvinsk. To construct a dry dock is proposed in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Star". On the dock will be installed gantry crane with a capacity 1500 tons with the device path for the possibility of exit tap into the waters to remove blocks from the craft, as well as to reconstruct the production pile FSUE Sevmash to enable the production of large blocks weighing up to 1300 tons. Also planned to create a transport system to transfer blocks FSUE Sevmash at FSUE "Star" in dry dock and associated facilities to build a hangar to dry dock.
The advantage of building a dry dock in Severodvinsk is also determined by finding him in an inland sea near the main Russian naval base sites. This dock will be possible to build ships of the class "aircraft carrier, fixed platforms, large gas carriers, heavy nuclear missile cruiser. "To date, the possibility of building a dry dock in Severodvinsk considered the Ministry of Industry, where he made a report to the director" star "Nick Kalistratov. Materials for approval on the matter transferred to the Minister of Industry and Energy Minister Viktor Khristenko to obtain the consent signature. Further documents must be received by the Russian government where the final decision will be made ", - said Frolov.
Mayor of Severodvinsk, Alexander Belyaev said that all the positive things that makes the construction and availability of dry dock and Severodvinsk, Arkhangelsk region, and for obvious.To implement the tasks required 1500-2000 specialists engaged only in construction of dry dock.Providing strategic security of Russia and the maintenance of permanent combat readiness of the fleet in need of repair, modernization and renovation of missile and aircraft carriers that are in the Navy, as well as construction of new large surface vessels. Construction of ships of this class previously provided shipbuilding industry of the USSR, which have focused on the Black Sea Nikolayev. After the Soviet collapse, shipbuilding facilities, to create such large surface ships, remained outside Russia. Two of the largest dry dock, allowing the court to build a large displacement, located in Ukraine. Due to the absence in Russia of such a dock laying of new large surface vessels to date, been discontinued.
Analysis of trends in foreign naval forces showed that at the present time that the U.S. has 12 aircraft carriers, United Kingdom - 3, France - 1 Italy - 1 Spain - 1, India - 1. According to the Navy of Russia, after 2010, will design and build aircraft carriers, 4.3 for the Northern and Pacific fleets. But the lack of facilities for the construction of large vessels has led to the displacement of production of the civil courts of Russia in the countries of Southeast Asia, particularly in South Korea. Russia's needs in large vessels identified the federal target program "Modernization of Russian transport system." Under this program the need for large transport ships with a displacement of more than 70,000 tons should be about 44 units, including 14 units of ice-class. Gazprom plans to supply liquefied natural gas to North American markets after 2010, after the start of offshore oil fields. In this regard, it is necessary to construct at least 20 gas tankers with a displacement of at least 150 thousand tons. According to Oleg Frolov, at present, several countries have dry docks as the main trigger-built facilities for building and repairing large vessels. U.S. has 15 dry docks, where you can build and repair ships of the class "aircraft carrier"

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... At the same time, the program does not provide for the establishment in Russia of a number of weapons being given special attention in the major economies. In particular, before 2015 in Russia will build aircraft carriers. "We will not repeat the mistakes of those military leaders who would like to have had five or 12 aircraft carriers - said the deputy head of the commission Putilin .- The question of the shape of the aircraft carrier marine complex will be solved after 2009."According to experts, this approach is justified. "In the next ten years Russia will obviously deal with their foreign policy problems with its nearest neighbors - Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, - told Kommersant director of the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies Ruslan Pukhov .- To this end, carrier-based compounds is not necessary. While it would be quite sufficient contain a combat-ready state only aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov ...

Moscow

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Leningrad